<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086</id><updated>2012-02-14T17:09:06.656+07:00</updated><category term='Aukai Collins'/><category term='Hindu'/><category term='HKBP Bekasi Melawan Himbauan Polisi'/><category term='haiti'/><category term='jewish'/><category term='konomi'/><category term='Zionist'/><category term='Non-Muslim'/><category term='israelHelen Thomas'/><category term='MUSTA’MIN'/><category term='RAJA MEMPAWAH DARI ORANG BUGIS'/><category term='al battani'/><category term='Kebun Kecil Kelapa Sawit (pola K3S)'/><category term='The Tafsir of Surah Maryam'/><category term='Umar bin Khattab'/><category term='mary'/><category term='Mr. Toshihiro Kobi'/><category term='akkbp'/><category term='Janis Joplin'/><category term='Kulit'/><category term='UU Penistaan Agama'/><category term='hukum rajam'/><category term='Israeli Nuclear Reactor West Bank'/><category term='Quran'/><category term='alat bedah'/><category term='Herman Halim (d/h Lim Xiao Ming)'/><category term='pejabat'/><category term='sekx bebas'/><category term='Da&apos;i'/><category term='Hukuman'/><category term='Musik'/><category term='ABG'/><category term='jesus'/><category term='muhammad'/><category term='Ramadhan'/><category term='Amien Rais'/><category term='Politisi dan Tokoh Masyarakat di Daerah pun Berharap Tegaknya Syariah dan Khilafah'/><category term='Salahuddin Ayyubi'/><category term='Samsung i900 Omnia'/><category term='Hiroshima'/><category term='Guyana'/><category term='al zahrawi'/><category term='Riba Sebuah Dosa Besar yang Dianggap Ringan'/><category term='Oslo'/><category term='Hijriyah'/><category term='nikah'/><category term='war Perang .Afghanistan'/><category term='Hollywood'/><category term='janda'/><category term='Amerika Serikat'/><category term='Hebrew National Immigrant Aid Society'/><category term='Forum Diskusi'/><category term='Thamrin Tomagola.  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color: #555555; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-top: 0.7em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Finally Vatican Admits Being Muslim World’s Largest Religion&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-top: 0.7em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Friday, 30/12/2011 16:13 pm | Archives | Print&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-top: 0.7em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Vatican City, headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church, finally admitted that Islam has now become the largest religion in the world.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-top: 0.7em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;“For the first time in history, we are no longer on the top: Muslims have overtaken us,” Monsignor Vittorio Formenti said in an interview with the Vatican newspaper L’Osservatore Romano.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-top: 0.7em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;After a long wait finally the Vatican formally acknowledge that Islam is the religion most prevalent in the world, and through more than three million Christians around the world for nearly a year ago, and became the religion shared by many citizens of the west according to the Vatican statement, because the number of Muslims in the world has surpassed the 1.3 billion people.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-top: 0.7em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;The Vatican noted the overwhelming demand by the citizens of Western Christianity and Judaism and other religions and other beliefs to convert to Islam in recent years, despite the negative campaign against Islam masiv done, and a large amount of money spent to preach Christianity. (FQ / iqra)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-top: 0.7em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.eramuslim.com/berita/dunia/vatikan-akhirnya-akui-islam-menjadi-agama-terbesar-di-dunia.htm" rel="nofollow" style="color: #3478e3; text-decoration: none;"&gt;http://www.eramuslim.com/berita/dunia/vatikan-akhirnya-akui-islam-menjadi-agama-terbesar-di-dunia.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-9009491584248753441?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/9009491584248753441/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=9009491584248753441' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/9009491584248753441'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/9009491584248753441'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2012/01/finally-vatican-admits-being-muslim.html' title='Finally Vatican Admits Being Muslim World’s Largest Religion'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-5651392814712938825</id><published>2011-04-20T19:01:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-04-20T19:01:43.742+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='converted to Islam'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='koran'/><title type='text'>Originally, Myriam Francois Cerrah Learning Koran to Attack Her friend Opinions</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box" lang="en"&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Originally, Myriam Francois Cerrah Learning Koran to Attack Her friend Opinions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box" lang="en"&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Wednesday, April 20, 2011 13:14 pm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box" lang="en"&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;REPUBLIKA.CO.ID, LONDON - For Myriam Francois Cerrah, the Qur'an is the culmination of philosophical contemplation. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Qur'an are later delivered it on Islam. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Oxford University graduate student of Middle Eastern politics is embraced Islam in 2003 at age 21.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;In fact, the philosophy graduate of Cambridge University graduate is starting to open the Koran to "angry". &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He discussed about the Lord with college friends. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;The friend, using the argument of the divinity as that which is stipulated in the concept of Islam. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"I studied it as part of an effort to prove my friend's opinion that a Muslim is wrong," he said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Then he began reading with a more open mind. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;The opening of Al-Fatiha, with the address for all mankind, mencengangkannya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"In  Islam, all human actions, he alone will bear the consequences. That is  the importance he took the straight path, the path of God," he said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;In  a world governed by relativism, he says, then there are only two  guidelines: a moral objective and the foundation of morality. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"As  someone who always has an interest in philosophy, the Koran feels like  the culmination of all my philosophical musings. This combined Kant,  Hume, Sartre and Aristotle. Somehow managed to answer the deep  philosophical questions posed during the centuries of human existence  and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;answer one of the most fundamental, "why are we here?" he said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;About  the Prophet Muhammad, Cerrah recognize him as a man who was tasked with  an important mission, like his predecessors, Moses, Jesus and Abraham.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;The longer he studied the Koran, the greater the desire to embrace Islam. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Original purpose, to argue his argument, turned into a confession, "You're right about your religion!"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Not wanting to waste time, he immediately bersyahadat. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"Some  of my closest friends do their best to support me and understand my  decision. I remain very close to some of my childhood friends and  through them I recognize the universality of the Divine message, that  the values ​​of God shines through good deeds of man, Muslim or not, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"he said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He said the conversion of his faith not as a "reaction" of, or opposition to Western culture. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"On  the contrary, it is a validation of what I always think," he said,  while criticizing some of the mosques in Britain are to close the door  dialogue about the divinity and too dogmatic. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"Note: rules and protocol that they a lot of confusing and even stressful."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;I did not immediately identify with the Muslim community. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;I find many things strange and confusing a lot of attitude. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Attention is given to the outside top to the continued problem I was.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;According to him, is the duty of Muslims to make Islam appear not as a foreign religion. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;And now, he becomes a part of Tutut carry out the task. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"Being  a Muslim, does not mean we lost all trace of ourselves. Islam is a  validation of good in us and means to improve the bad," he said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Editorial: Siwi Tri Puji B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Source: Emel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;http://www.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/mualaf/11/04/20/ljxtbf-semula-myriam-francois-cerrah-belajar-alquran-untuk-serang-pendapat-temannya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-5651392814712938825?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/5651392814712938825/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=5651392814712938825' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/5651392814712938825'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/5651392814712938825'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/04/originally-myriam-francois-cerrah.html' title='Originally, Myriam Francois Cerrah Learning Koran to Attack Her friend Opinions'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-6114275303027622348</id><published>2011-04-19T13:04:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-04-19T13:04:44.951+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bilal Philips'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Embrace Islam'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='&quot;Guitar Gods'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='U.S. Soldiers'/><title type='text'>Bilal Philips, a former "Guitar Gods" who Creating Thousands of U.S. Soldiers Embrace Islam</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Bilal  Philips, a former "Guitar Gods" who Creating Thousands of U.S. Soldiers  Embrace Islam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Thursday, 14/04/2011  11:08 pm | email | print&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;The name  of Bilal Philips is becoming the talking point among Danish parliament  and politicians, Muslim scholars related to the plan was coming to  Denmark to be a speaker at the conference youth organization held in  Denmark's Muslim community.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Several  MPs and politicians in the country feel uneasy with the plan because it  considers the arrival of Philips Philips is a hard-line Muslim leaders.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Country United Kingdom and Australia, was banned  Philips entered the second country, because of religious lectures by  Philips which was considered inciting people to violence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Philips in one of his lecture video recordings also once said  that AIDS is divine punishment for the homosexuals, and he proposes  death penalty for homosexuals. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;In another  videotape, Philips defended suicide, and called a suicide attack as a  legitimate weapon of war.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Who was Bilal  Philips with a doctorate is and what his background so he was labeled as  a hardliner Muslim scholars by Western countries?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Former "god" Guitar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Philips  or full journey Doctor Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips to become a Muslim  scholar who was well respected at this time, it was very interesting. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Men born in Jamaica and grew up in Canada, was a convert to  Islam and before he became a Muslim, he works as a musician, or rather a  professional guitarist.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"When I  lecture at Simon Frasier University in Vancouver, Canada, I play guitar  in musical performances at night clubs. When I lived in Malaysia, I was  performing on stage-the stage known as Jimmy Hendrix and his Sabah in  East Malaysia," &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Philips said the Gulf Today.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"But once I became a Muslim, I do not feel comfortable doing  it all, and I decided to stop playing music personally and  professionally," he continued.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Philips  decided to convert to Islam in 1972. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Islam entered  the process was fairly short, just six months after reading Islamic  books and discussions about Islam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;A year  after saying two sentences creed, Philips register with the department  of Islamic studies at the Islamic University of Medina, Saudi Arabia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"I want to learn Islam from classical sources, and not take  away from cultural practices," said Philips.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He then continued his education at the University of  Riyadh. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;While completing courses for his MA  degree, Philips is set up and host the "Why Islam" in Saudi television  station, Channel Two. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;The event was a  program of interviews with new Muslims from various backgrounds, to  determine why they chose to convert to Islam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He also conducts research and poured it in his books, among  others, entitled "Polygamy in Islam" and "Fundamentals of Islamic  Monotheism."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Islamize U.S. Army&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Having earned his MA degree, Phillips worked in the department  of religion Air Force headquarters in Riyadh Saudi Arabia. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;When it is broken "Gulf War" and his job was to teach about  Islam on U.S. forces in their military bases in Bahrain and in the  eastern province of Saudi Arabia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"Because  so distorted picture of Islam in the U.S., I and five other Americans,  after the Gulf War, for five and a half months involved in the project  to eliminate doubts about the Islamic religion in about half a million  U.S. troops in the Gulf region. As a result, more than &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;3000 U.S. troops who eventually converted to Islam,  "said Philips.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He then went to the  U.S. to help provide spiritual guidance for the new soldiers who  converted to Islam. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;With the aid organization  "Muslim Members of the Miltary (MMM)", Philips held various conferences  and activities that succeeded in urging the U.S. military to build a  mosque facilities around military bases. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;The  U.S. government is also obliged to ask the Muslim community of scholars  who propose candidates will be spiritual pembimbin for a Muslim soldier  in the U.S. military.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"Some Gulf  War soldiers who converted to Islam, went to Bosnia to provide training  to the people of Bosnia and join to fight with them against the cruelty  of the Serbs," said Philips.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Establishing  the Islamic Information Center&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;After  living in the U.S., Philips moved to the Philippines and give lectures  at various places in Mindanao. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He  emphasized the importance of Islamic education system for Muslims in  every lecture and lecture, thus encouraging the establishment of  Islamic-based University in Cotobato City. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;At this  university, he opened the department of Islamic studies to the level to  get an MA and prepare teachers in the Islamic-oriented.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;In 1994, Philips immigration to the United Arab  Emirates at the invitation of Sheikh Salim Al-Qasimi and join charity  Dar Al Ber in Dubai. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Philips also established the  Islamic Information Center is now known as the "Discover Islam" in  Karama. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Center for information made to rectify the  wrong views about Islam. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He is aided by  new Muslims from various countries such as Uthma Barry Irish origin  Abalos Philippines Ahmed and Abdul Latif from Kerala, in managing the  information center.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"Within five  years after the establishment of the Islamic Information Center, about  1,500 people from America, Australia, Britain, Russia, China, Germany,  Philippines, Sri Lanka, India and Pakistan, converted to Islam in this  Information Center," said Philips.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"The  reason they converted to Islam because of frustration and  dissatisfaction, in addition to the need for rational and spiritual  foundation is strong. Some of them converted to Islam, since married to  Muslims and others choose to convert to Islam because it encouraged  their curiosity about Islam and Muslims, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"said  Philips.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Having successfully  established the Islamic Information Center, he established a printing  department to publish the Dar Al-Falah Islamic literature in various  languages ​​to educate people about the teachings of Islam for  non-Arabic languages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Of all the  preaching activities to establish the religion of God, moments of the  happiest in life Philips is when his parents, at the age of 70s last  year also accepted Islam as their religion. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Philips parents who are used to living in Muslim communities in  various countries, including Nigeria, Yemen and Malaysia chose to  convert to Islam after they witnessed the destruction of community life  in America.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Until now, Bilal  Philips is still active in education. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He  teaches Islamic history and study of the Hadith of the Prophet. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;(Ln / multiple sources)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;http://www.eramuslim.com/berita/dakwah-mancanegara/bilal-philips.htm &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 class="judul" id="title"&gt;============== &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="judul" id="title"&gt;Bilal Philips, Mantan "Dewa Gitar" yang  Membuat Ribuan Tentara AS Masuk Islam&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="margin-10-10" id="tanggal"&gt;Kamis, 14/04/2011 11:08 WIB | &lt;a class="text-link" href="http://www.eramuslim.com/berita/dakwah-mancanegara/send/bilal-philips"&gt;email&lt;/a&gt;  | &lt;a class="text-link" href="http://www.eramuslim.com/berita/dakwah-mancanegara/cetak/bilal-philips"&gt;print&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="body-content" id="detail"&gt;      &lt;img alt="" class="caption" src="http://www.eramuslim.com/fckfiles/image/philips.jpg" width="370" /&gt;Nama Bilal Philips sedang menjadi pembicaraan di kalangan  parlemen dan politisi Denmark, terkait rencana kedatangan cendekiawan  muslim itu ke Denmark untuk menjadi pembicara dalam konferensi yang  digelar organisasi pemuda komunitas muslim di Denmark.&lt;br /&gt;Sejumlah anggota parlemen dan politisi di negeri itu merasa resah  dengan rencana kedatangan Philips karena menganggap Philips adalah  seorang tokoh muslim garis keras. Negara Inggris dan Australia, memang  melarang Philips masuk ke kedua negeri itu, karena ceramah-ceramah  keagamaan Philips yang dinilai menghasut orang untuk melakukan  kekerasan.&lt;br /&gt;Philips dalam salah satu rekaman video ceramahnya juga pernah  mengatakan bahwa penyakit AIDS adalah hukuman tuhan untuk para  homoseksual dan ia mengusulkan hukuman mati bagi kaum homoseksual. Di  rekaman video lainnya, Philips membela aksi bunuh diri, dan menyebut  serangan bunuh diri sebagai senjata perang yang sah.&lt;br /&gt;Siapa sebenarnya Bilal Philips yang bergelar doktor itu dan apa latar  belakangnya sehingga ia dicap sebagai cendikiawan muslim garis keras  oleh negara-negara Barat?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantan "Dewa" Gitar&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perjalanan hidup Philips atau lengkapnya Doktor Abu Ameenah Bilal  Philips hingga menjadi seorang cendekiawan muslim yang cukup disegani  saat ini, ternyata sangat menarik. Pria kelahiran Jamaika dan besar di  Kanada itu, adalah seorang mualaf dan sebelum menjadi seorang muslim, ia  berprofesi sebagai musisi atau tepatnya seorang gitaris profesional.&lt;br /&gt;"Ketika saya kuliah di Universitas Simon Frasier di Vancouver,  Kanada, saya memainkan gitar dalam pertunjukan musik di klub-klub malam.   Ketika saya tinggal di Malaysia, saya tampil di panggung-panggung dan  dikenal sebagai Jimmy Hendrix-nya Sabah di Malaysia Timur," tutur  Philips pada &lt;em&gt;Gulf Today.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Tapi, begitu saya menjadi seorang muslim, saya merasa tidak nyaman  melakukan itu semua, dan saya memutuskan berhenti main musik secara  pribadi maupun secara profesional," lanjutnya.&lt;br /&gt;Philips memutuskan masuk Islam pada tahun 1972. Proses masuk Islamnya  pun terbilang cukup singkat, hanya enam bulan saja setelah membaca  buku-buku Islam dan berdiskusi tentang Islam.&lt;br /&gt;Setahun setelah mengucapkan dua kalimat syahadat, Philips  mendaftarkan diri ke jurusan studi Islam di Universitas Islam Madinah,  Arab Saudi.&lt;br /&gt;"Saya ingin belajar Islam dari sumber-sumber klasiknya, dan bukan  mengambil dari praktik-praktik budayanya," kata Philips.&lt;br /&gt;Ia lalu melanjutkan pendidikan ke Universitas Riyadh. Sambil  menyelesaikan kuliah untuk meraih gelar MA-nya, Philips menjadi  menyiapkan dan menjadi pembawa acara "Why Islam" di stasiun televisi  Saudi, &lt;em&gt;Channel Two.&lt;/em&gt; Acara itu berupa program wawancara dengan  para mualaf dari berbagai latar belakang, untuk mengetahui alasan mereka  memilih masuk Islam.&lt;br /&gt;Ia juga melakukan riset dan menuangkannya dalam buku-bukunya antara  lain berjudul "Polygamy in dalam Islam" dan "Fundamentals of Islamic  Monotheism".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mengislamkan Tentara AS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setelah berhasil meraih gelar MA-nya, Philips bekerja di departemen  agama markas besar Angkatan Udara Arab Saudi di Riyadh. Saat itu sedang  pecah "Perang Teluk" dan tugasnya adalah mengajar tentang agama Islam  pada pasukan AS di basis-basis militer mereka di Bahrain dan di provinsi  bagian timur Arab Saudi.&lt;br /&gt;"Karena gambaran tentang Islam begitu terdistorsi di AS, saya dan  lima orang Amerika lainnya, setelah Perang Teluk, selama lima setengah  bulan terlibat dalam proyek untuk menghilangkan keraguan terhadap agama  Islam pada sekitar setengah juta pasukan AS yang ada di kawasan Teluk.  Hasilnya, lebih dari 3.000 tentara AS yang akhirnya masuk Islam," ungkap  Philips.&lt;br /&gt;Ia kemudian pergi ke AS untuk membantu memberikan bimbingan rohani  bagi para tentara yang baru masuk Islam. Dengan bantuan organisasi  "Muslim Members of the Miltary (MMM)", Philips menggelar berbagai  konferensi dan kegiatan yang berhasil mendesak militer AS untuk  membangun fasilitas-fasilitas mushola di seluruh basis-basis militernya.  Pemerintah AS juga berkewajiban untuk meminta komunitas Muslim  mengajukan kandidat ulama yang akan menjadi pembimbin rohani bagi  tentara yang muslim di kemiliteran AS.&lt;br /&gt;"Beberapa tentara Perang Teluk yang masuk Islam, pergi ke Bosnia  untuk memberikan pelatihan pada rakyat Bosnia dan ikut berjuang bersama  mereka melawan kekejaman tentara Serbia," ujar Philips.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Membentuk Pusat Informasi Islam&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setelah tinggal di AS, Philips pindah ke Philipina dan memberikan  kuliah di berbagai tempat di Mindanao. Ia menekankan pentingnya sistem  pendidikan yang Islami bagi umat Islam dalam setiap ceramah dan  kuliahnya, sehingga mendorong didirikannya Universitas berbasis Islam di  Cotobato City. Di universitas ini, ia membuka jurusan studi Islam  sampai level untuk mendapatkan gelar MA dan menyiapkan tenaga guru-yang  berorientasi pada Islam.&lt;br /&gt;Tahun 1994, Philips imigrasi ke Uni Emirat Arab atas undangan Syaikh  Salim Al-Qasimi dan bergabung dengan lembaga amal Dar Al Ber di Dubai.   Philips juga membentuk Pusat Informasi Islam yang sekarang dikenal  dengan nama "Discover Islam" di Karama. Pusat informasi dibuat untuk  meluruskan pandangan-pandangan yang salah tentang Islam. Ia dibantu oleh  para mualaf dari dari berbagai negara seperti Uthma Barry asal  Irlandia, Ahmed Abalos asal Philipina dan Abdul Latif dari Kerala, dalam  mengelola pusat informasi itu.&lt;br /&gt;"Dalam kurun waktu lima tahun setelah dibentuknya Pusat Informasi  Islam, sekitar 1.500 orang dari Amerika, Australia, Inggris, Rusia,  Cina, Jerman, Philipina, Sri Lanka, India dan Pakistan, masuk Islam di  Pusat Informasi ini," kata Philips.&lt;br /&gt;"Alasan mereka masuk Islam karena frustasi dan rasa tidak puas,  selain kebutuhan akan landasan rasional dan spiritual yang kuat.  Beberapa di antara mereka masuk Islam, karena menikah dengan muslim dan  yang lainnya memilih masuk Islam karena terdorong rasa ingin tahu mereka  tentang Islam dan muslim," jelas Philips.&lt;br /&gt;Setelah sukses mendirikan Pusat Informasi Islam, ia membentuk sebuah  departemen percetakan Dar Al Falah untuk menerbitkan literatur-literatur  Islam dalam berbagai bahasa untuk memberikan edukasi tentang ajaran  Islam bagi masyarakat non-bahasa Arab.&lt;br /&gt;Dari seluruh kegiatan dakwahnya menegakkan agama Allah, saat-saat  yang paling membahagiakan dalam hidup Philips adalah ketika kedua  orangtuanya, dalam usia 70-an tahun akhirnya juga menerima Islam sebagai  agama mereka. Kedua orangtua Philips yang sudah terbiasa hidup di  lingkungan masyarakat Muslim di berbagai negara, antara lain Nigeria,  Yaman dan Malaysia memilih masuk Islam setelah mereka menyaksikan  bagaimana rusaknya kehidupan masyarakat di Amerika.&lt;br /&gt;Sampai sekarang, Bilal Philips masih aktif dalam dunia pendidikan. Ia  mengajar sejarah Islam dan studi Hadis Rasulullah Saw. (ln/berbagai  sumber)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-6114275303027622348?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/6114275303027622348/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=6114275303027622348' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/6114275303027622348'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/6114275303027622348'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/04/bilal-philips-former-guitar-gods-who.html' title='Bilal Philips, a former &quot;Guitar Gods&quot; who Creating Thousands of U.S. Soldiers Embrace Islam'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-4964564649514066050</id><published>2011-04-09T06:29:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-04-09T10:29:04.624+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Adian Husaini: Film Hanung Kampanye Pluralisme yang Vulgar</title><content type='html'>  &lt;a class="select" href="http://hizbut-tahrir.or.id/2011/04/08/adian-husaini-film-hanung-kampanye-pluralisme-yang-vulgar/"&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt; &lt;!-- multiply:no_crosspost --&gt;&lt;p class='multiply:no_crosspost'&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-4964564649514066050?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/4964564649514066050/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=4964564649514066050' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/4964564649514066050'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/4964564649514066050'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/04/adian-husaini-film-hanung-kampanye.html' title='Adian Husaini: Film Hanung Kampanye Pluralisme yang Vulgar'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-94069925867385947</id><published>2011-03-07T10:04:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2011-05-02T10:37:50.361+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='White House'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='usa'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jewish'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Congress'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='israelHelen Thomas'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Wall Street'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Zionist'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hollywood'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Amerika'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='us'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='america'/><title type='text'>Helen Thomas</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading"&gt;Helen Thomas&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div id="siteSub"&gt;From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="jump-to-nav"&gt;Jump to: &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#mw-head"&gt;navigation&lt;/a&gt;,      &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#p-search"&gt;search&lt;/a&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;&lt;table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-image"&gt;&lt;div style="width: 52px;"&gt;&lt;img alt="Unbalanced scales.svg" height="40" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" width="45" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text"&gt;The &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view"&gt;neutrality&lt;/a&gt; of this article is &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute"&gt;disputed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Please see the discussion on the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Helen_Thomas" title="Talk:Helen Thomas"&gt;talk page&lt;/a&gt;. Please do not remove this message until the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOVD#What_is_an_NPOV_dispute.3F" title="Wikipedia:NPOVD"&gt;dispute is resolved.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;(February 2011)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-image"&gt;&lt;div style="width: 52px;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="40" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f4/Ambox_content.png" width="40" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text"&gt;This article &lt;b&gt;may contain &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"&gt;original research&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. Please &lt;a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Thomas&amp;amp;action=edit" rel="nofollow"&gt;improve it&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"&gt;verifying&lt;/a&gt; the claims made and adding &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:References" title="Wikipedia:References"&gt;references&lt;/a&gt;. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Helen_Thomas" title="Talk:Helen Thomas"&gt;talk page&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;(February 2011)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellspacing="5" class="infobox vcard"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;th class="fn" colspan="2" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"&gt;Helen Thomas&lt;/th&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Helen_Thomas_2009.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="Helen Thomas 2009.jpg" height="335" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Helen_Thomas_2009.jpg/256px-Helen_Thomas_2009.jpg" width="256" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Helen Thomas in February 2009&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"&gt;Born&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td class=""&gt;Helen Thomas&lt;br /&gt;August 4, 1920 &lt;span style="display: none;"&gt;(&lt;span class="bday"&gt;1920-08-04&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="noprint"&gt;(age&amp;nbsp;90)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Kentucky"&gt;Winchester, Kentucky&lt;/a&gt;, USA&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"&gt;Occupation&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td class="role"&gt;Author, retired journalist and columnist&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="white-space: nowrap;"&gt;Spouse(s)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td class=""&gt;Douglas B. Cornell (1971–82)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"&gt;Ethnicity&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td class=""&gt;Lebanese&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"&gt;Nationality&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td class=""&gt;American&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"&gt;Religious &lt;span style="white-space: nowrap;"&gt;belief(s)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td class=""&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Christian_Archdiocese_of_North_America" title="Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America"&gt;Greek Orthodox&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"&gt;Years active&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td class=""&gt;1943–2010&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.helenthomas.org/" rel="nofollow"&gt;Official website&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;b&gt;Helen Thomas&lt;/b&gt; (born August 4, 1920) is an &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States"&gt;American&lt;/a&gt; author and former &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency"&gt;news service&lt;/a&gt; reporter, member of the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Press_Corps" title="White House Press Corps"&gt;White House Press Corps&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columnist"&gt;columnist&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-quit_0-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-quit-0"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; She worked for the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Press_International"&gt;United Press International&lt;/a&gt; (UPI) for 57 years, first as a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correspondent"&gt;correspondent&lt;/a&gt;, and later as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House"&gt;White House&lt;/a&gt; bureau chief. She was an opinion columnist for &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearst_Newspapers" title="Hearst Newspapers"&gt;Hearst Newspapers&lt;/a&gt; from 2000 to 2010, writing on national affairs and the White House.&lt;br /&gt;Thomas, a Lebanese-American,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-2"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; covered every &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States"&gt;President of the United States&lt;/a&gt; from the last years of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower"&gt;Eisenhower&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower"&gt;administration&lt;/a&gt; until the second year of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama"&gt;Obama&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama"&gt;administration&lt;/a&gt;. She was the first female officer of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Press_Club_%28USA%29" title="National Press Club (USA)"&gt;National Press Club&lt;/a&gt;, the first female member and president of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Correspondents%27_Association"&gt;White House Correspondents' Association&lt;/a&gt;, and the first female member of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gridiron_Club"&gt;Gridiron Club&lt;/a&gt;. She has written five books; her latest, with co-author &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Crawford"&gt;Craig Crawford&lt;/a&gt;, is &lt;i&gt;Listen Up, Mr. President: Everything You Always Wanted Your President to Know and Do&lt;/i&gt; (2009).&lt;br /&gt;Thomas retired on June 7, 2010, following comments she made about Israel, Jews and Palestine.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-3"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table class="toc" id="toc"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div id="toctitle"&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Contents&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span class="toctoggle"&gt;[&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#" id="togglelink"&gt;hide&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#Early_life"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Early life&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#Early_career"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Early career&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#Presidential_correspondent"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Presidential correspondent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#Departure_from_UPI"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;3.1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Departure from UPI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#George_W._Bush_administration"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;3.2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;George W. Bush administration&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#Obama_administration"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;3.3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Obama administration&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#Controversy_and_resignation"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Controversy and resignation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#Comments_on_Israel_and_Jews"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;4.1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Comments on Israel and Jews&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#Reactions_and_repercussions"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;4.2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Reactions and repercussions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#December_2010_speech_controversy"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;December 2010 speech controversy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#Awards"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Awards&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#Bibliography"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Bibliography&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#See_also"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;8&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#References"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#External_links"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;External links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Thomas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life"&gt;Early life&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Thomas' parents, George and Mary (&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9e" title="Née"&gt;née&lt;/a&gt; Rowady) Thomas, immigrated to the U.S. from &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon"&gt;Tripoli&lt;/a&gt;, located in northern Lebanon.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-autogenerated1-4"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Front_Row_Ch_1_5-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-Front_Row_Ch_1-5"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-6"&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dateline75_7-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-dateline75-7"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Her parents could neither read nor write,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-autogenerated1-4"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and Thomas claims her father's surname, which was "Antonious", was &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicisation" title="Anglicisation"&gt;anglicized&lt;/a&gt; to "Thomas" at &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellis_Island"&gt;Ellis Island&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Front_Row_Ch_1_5-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-Front_Row_Ch_1-5"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; She was born in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Kentucky" title="Winchester, Kentucky"&gt;Winchester&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky"&gt;Kentucky&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NPR2000_8-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-NPR2000-8"&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; the seventh of nine children but was largely reared in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit"&gt;Detroit, Michigan&lt;/a&gt;, where her family moved when she was four years old, and where her father ran a grocery store.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-9"&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-10"&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-google1_11-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-google1-11"&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thomas said "I was very lucky to be born in America.... [My family  was] never hyphenated as Arab-Americans. We were American, and I have  always rejected the hyphen and I believe all assimilated immigrants  should not be designated ethnically."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-12"&gt;[13]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Of growing up in Detroit in the 1920s, she said, "They wanted to make  you feel you weren't 'American'... We were called 'garlic eaters'".&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-google1_11-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-google1-11"&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; She was called "foreigner" in Detroit schools, leading to her coming home in tears.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-google1_11-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-google1-11"&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She was raised as a Christian in the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church"&gt;Greek Orthodox Church&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Front_Row_Ch_1_5-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-Front_Row_Ch_1-5"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thomas attended &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_State_University" title="Wayne State University"&gt;Wayne University&lt;/a&gt; in Detroit, graduating with a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree"&gt;bachelor's degree&lt;/a&gt; in English in 1942.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-13"&gt;[14]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Thomas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Early career"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Early_career"&gt;Early career&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Her first job in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism"&gt;journalism&lt;/a&gt; was as a &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyboy" title="Copyboy"&gt;copygirl&lt;/a&gt; for the now-defunct &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Daily_News" title="The Washington Daily News"&gt;Washington Daily News&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, but shortly after she was promoted to &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novice" title="Novice"&gt;cub&lt;/a&gt; reporter, she was &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layoffs" title="Layoffs"&gt;laid off&lt;/a&gt; as part of massive cutbacks at the paper. Thomas joined &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Press_International"&gt;United Press International&lt;/a&gt; in 1943 and reported on women's topics for its radio &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_service" title="Wire service"&gt;wire service&lt;/a&gt;, earning $24 ($305 in current dollar terms) a week.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbcnews_14-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-bbcnews-14"&gt;[15]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-15"&gt;[16]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Later in the decade, and in the early fifties, she wrote UPI's "Names  in the News" column, for which she interviewed numerous Washington  celebrities.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-16"&gt;[17]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; After 1955, she covered federal agencies such as the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice"&gt;Department of Justice&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation"&gt;Federal Bureau of Investigation&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare" title="Department of Health, Education, and Welfare"&gt;Department of Health, Education, and Welfare&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Thomas served as president of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Press_Club_%28USA%29" title="National Press Club (USA)"&gt;Women's National Press Club&lt;/a&gt; from 1959–60. In 1959, Thomas and a few of her fellow female journalists forced the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Press_Club_%28USA%29" title="National Press Club (USA)"&gt;National Press Club&lt;/a&gt;, then barred to women, to allow them to attend an address by Soviet leader &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev"&gt;Nikita Khrushchev&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Thomas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Presidential correspondent"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Presidential_correspondent"&gt;Presidential correspondent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="thumb tleft"&gt;&lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gerald_Ford_and_Helen_Thomas_-_USNWR.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="164" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Gerald_Ford_and_Helen_Thomas_-_USNWR.jpg/250px-Gerald_Ford_and_Helen_Thomas_-_USNWR.jpg" width="250" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="thumbcaption"&gt;&lt;div class="magnify"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gerald_Ford_and_Helen_Thomas_-_USNWR.jpg" title="Enlarge"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Thomas with &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_R._Ford" title="Gerald R. Ford"&gt;Gerald R. Ford&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Cheney"&gt;Dick Cheney&lt;/a&gt; in 1976&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;In November 1960, Thomas began covering then &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President-elect"&gt;President-elect&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy"&gt;John F. Kennedy&lt;/a&gt;,  following him to the White House in January 1961 as a UPI  correspondent. Thomas became known as the "Sitting Buddha." It was  during Kennedy's administration that she ended all presidential &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_conference" title="News conference"&gt;press conferences&lt;/a&gt; with a signature "Thank you, Mr. President",&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-honor_17-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-honor-17"&gt;[18]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; reviving a tradition started by UPI’s &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriman_Smith" title="Merriman Smith"&gt;Merriman Smith&lt;/a&gt; during the presidency of Franklin Roosevelt.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-18"&gt;[19]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Throughout her career as a correspondent, Thomas earned a reputation for being relentless and demanding.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-19"&gt;[20]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; In an interview with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel_Castro"&gt;Fidel Castro&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;i&gt;USA Today&lt;/i&gt; founder &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Neuharth"&gt;Al Neuharth&lt;/a&gt; asked the Cuban leader what the difference was between democracy in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba"&gt;Cuba&lt;/a&gt; and democracy in the United States. Castro replied, "I don't have to answer questions from Helen Thomas."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-20"&gt;[21]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thomas was the only female print journalist to travel to China with President &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon"&gt;Richard Nixon&lt;/a&gt; during his &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Nixon_visit_to_China" title="1972 Nixon visit to China"&gt;historic trip&lt;/a&gt; in 1972.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-21"&gt;[22]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Walters"&gt;Barbara Walters&lt;/a&gt;  was a member of the NBC News team that went to the People's Republic of  China to cover the visits of President Richard Nixon in 1972.) She  traveled around the world several times with all US Presidents since  Richard Nixon, and covered every &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_Six" title="Group of Six"&gt;Economic Summit&lt;/a&gt; since &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_G6_summit" title="1st G6 summit"&gt;1975&lt;/a&gt;,  working up to the position of UPI's White House Bureau Chief, a post  she would hold for over 25 years. While serving as White House Bureau  Chief, she authored a regular column for UPI, "Backstairs at the White  House",&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-22"&gt;[23]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; a column begun by Merriman Smith.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-23"&gt;[24]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The column provided an insider's view of various presidential administrations.&lt;br /&gt;Thomas was the only member of the White House Press Corps to have her own seat in the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room" title="James S. Brady Press Briefing Room"&gt;White House Briefing Room&lt;/a&gt;. All other seats are assigned to media outlets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Thomas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Departure from UPI"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Departure_from_UPI"&gt;Departure from UPI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;On May 17, 2000, the day after it was announced that the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPI" title="UPI"&gt;UPI&lt;/a&gt; had been acquired by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_World_Communications" title="News World Communications"&gt;News World Communications Inc.&lt;/a&gt;, an international media conglomerate founded and controlled by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unification_Church"&gt;Unification Church&lt;/a&gt; leader &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Myung_Moon" title="Sun Myung Moon"&gt;Reverend Sun Myung Moon&lt;/a&gt; which owns &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Times"&gt;The Washington Times&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; and other news media, Thomas resigned from the UPI after 57 years with the organization.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-stout_24-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-stout-24"&gt;[25]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; She later described the change in ownership as "a bridge too far".&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-stout_24-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-stout-24"&gt;[25]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-25"&gt;[26]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Less than two months later, she joined &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearst_Corporation" title="Hearst Corporation"&gt;Hearst Newspapers&lt;/a&gt; as an opinion columnist, writing on national affairs and the White House.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-26"&gt;[27]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After leaving her job as a reporter at the UPI, Thomas became more  likely to air her personal, negative views. In a speech at the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology"&gt;Massachusetts Institute of Technology&lt;/a&gt;, she quipped, "I censored myself for 50 years when I was a reporter. Now I wake up and ask myself, ‘Who do I hate today?’"&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-27"&gt;[28]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Thomas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5" title="Edit section: George W. Bush administration"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="George_W._Bush_administration"&gt;George W. Bush administration&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;During President George W. Bush's first term, Thomas reacted to  then-Press Secretary Ari Fleisher's statements about arms shipments to  the terrorists by asking: "Where do the Israelis get their arms?" He  responded "There's a difference Helen, and that is --". "What is the  difference?", she asked. He responded: "The targeting of innocents  through the use of terror, which is a common enemy for Yasir Arafat and  for the people of Israel, as well as --". She interrupted him, saying:  "Palestinian people are fighting for their land." He responded: "I think  that the killing of innocents is a category entirely different.  Justifying killing of innocents for land is an argument in support of  terrorism."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-28"&gt;[29]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In January 2003, following a speech at a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Professional_Journalists"&gt;Society of Professional Journalists&lt;/a&gt;  banquet, Thomas told an autograph-seeker, "I'm covering the worst  president in American history." The autograph-seeker was a sports writer  for &lt;i&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Breeze" title="The Daily Breeze"&gt;The Daily Breeze&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  and her comments were published. After that she was not called upon  during a press conference for the first time in over four decades. She  wrote to the President to apologize.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-29"&gt;[30]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Traditionally, Thomas sat in the front row and asked the first  question during White House press conferences. However, according to  Thomas in a 2006 &lt;i&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Show" title="Daily Show"&gt;Daily Show&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; interview, this ended because she no longer represented a &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_service" title="Wire service"&gt;wire service&lt;/a&gt;.  During the Bush administration, Thomas was moved to the back row during  press conferences; She was called upon at briefings on a daily basis  but no longer ended Presidential news conferences saying, "Thank you,  Mr. President." When asked why she was seated in the back row, she said,  "they didn’t like me...I ask too mean questions."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-30"&gt;[31]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="thumb tright"&gt;&lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_2007_cropped.JPG"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="163" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/James_Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_2007_cropped.JPG/220px-James_Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_2007_cropped.JPG" width="220" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="thumbcaption"&gt;&lt;div class="magnify"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_2007_cropped.JPG" title="Enlarge"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Thomas in the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room"&gt;James S. Brady Press Briefing Room&lt;/a&gt; half an hour before morning gaggle, 2007&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;On March 21, 2006, Thomas was called upon directly by President Bush  for the first time in three years. Thomas asked Bush about the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Iraq" title="War in Iraq"&gt;War in Iraq&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;I'd like to ask you, Mr. President, your decision to invade Iraq has  caused the deaths of thousands of Americans and Iraqis, wounds of  Americans and Iraqis for a lifetime. Every reason given, publicly at  least, has turned out not to be true. My question is: Why did you really  want to go to war? From the moment you stepped into the White House,  from your Cabinet...your Cabinet officers, intelligence people, and so  forth...what was your real reason? You have said it wasn't oil...quest  for oil, it hasn't been Israel, or anything else. What was it?&lt;/blockquote&gt;Bush responded by discussing the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_Terror"&gt;War on Terror&lt;/a&gt;, and stated as a reason for the invasion that &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein"&gt;Saddam Hussein&lt;/a&gt; chose to deny inspectors and not to disclose required information.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-31"&gt;[32]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Thomas was criticized by some commentators for her exchange with Bush.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-32"&gt;[33]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In July 2006, she told &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hill_%28newspaper%29" title="The Hill (newspaper)"&gt;The Hill&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, "The day &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Cheney"&gt;Dick Cheney&lt;/a&gt;  is going to run for president, I'll kill myself. All we need is another  liar... I think he'd like to run, but it would be a sad day for the  country if he does."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-33"&gt;[34]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the July 18, 2006, White House press briefing, Thomas remarked,  "The United States ... could have stopped the bombardment of Lebanon. We  have that much control with the Israelis... we have gone for collective  punishment against all of Lebanon and Palestine." Press Secretary &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Snow"&gt;Tony Snow&lt;/a&gt; responded, "Thank you for the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah"&gt;Hezbollah&lt;/a&gt; view."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-34"&gt;[35]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Other members of the press weighed in. According to &lt;i&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post" title="Washington Post"&gt;Washington Post&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; television critic &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Shales"&gt;Tom Shales&lt;/a&gt;, questions like the one above have sounded more like "tirades" and "anti-Israeli rhetoric."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-35"&gt;[36]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; However, Greg Mitchell of &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editor_%26_Publisher"&gt;Editor &amp;amp; Publisher&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; described Shales' attack as "disturbing".&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-36"&gt;[37]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a press conference on November 30, 2007, Thomas questioned White House Press Secretary &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_Perino"&gt;Dana Perino&lt;/a&gt; as to why Americans should depend on General &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus"&gt;David Petraeus&lt;/a&gt;  in determining when to re-deploy U.S troops from Iraq. Perino began to  answer when Thomas interjected with "You mean how many more people we  kill?" Perino immediately took offense, responding,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Helen, I find it really unfortunate that you use your front row  position, bestowed upon you by your colleagues, to make such statements.  This is a...it is an honor and a privilege to be in the briefing room,  and to suggest that we, the United States, are killing innocent people  is just absurd and very offensive.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-37"&gt;[38]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Thomas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Obama administration"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Obama_administration"&gt;Obama administration&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class="thumb tleft"&gt;&lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HelenThomasAndBarackObama2009.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/HelenThomasAndBarackObama2009.jpg/220px-HelenThomasAndBarackObama2009.jpg" width="220" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="thumbcaption"&gt;&lt;div class="magnify"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HelenThomasAndBarackObama2009.jpg" title="Enlarge"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;President &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama"&gt;Barack Obama&lt;/a&gt; presenting Thomas cupcakes on her 89th birthday&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-38"&gt;[39]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;On February 9, 2009, Thomas was present in the front row for newly elected President &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama"&gt;Obama's&lt;/a&gt; first news conference. President Obama called on her with the statement "Helen. I'm excited, this is my inaugural moment",&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-39"&gt;[40]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; seemingly a reference to her long-term presence in the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Press_Corps" title="White House Press Corps"&gt;White House Press Corps&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt-obama_40-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-nyt-obama-40"&gt;[41]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Thomas asked if any Middle Eastern country possessed &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon"&gt;nuclear weapons&lt;/a&gt;. Obama replied that he didn't want to "speculate" on the matter.&lt;br /&gt;On July 1, 2009, Thomas commented on the Obama administration's  handling of the press, "we have had some control but not this control. I  mean I'm amazed, I'm amazed at you people who call for openness and  transparency and you have controlled...".&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-41"&gt;[42]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-42"&gt;[43]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-43"&gt;[44]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; She also said that not even &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon"&gt;Richard Nixon&lt;/a&gt; tried to control the press as much as President Obama.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-44"&gt;[45]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On August 4, 2009, Thomas celebrated her 89th birthday. President  Obama, whose birthday is also August 4, presented Thomas with birthday  cupcakes and sang &lt;i&gt;Happy Birthday&lt;/i&gt; to her before that day's press conference.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-45"&gt;[46]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Thomas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Controversy and resignation"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Controversy_and_resignation"&gt;Controversy and resignation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-image"&gt;&lt;div style="width: 52px;"&gt;&lt;img alt="Unbalanced scales.svg" height="40" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" width="45" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text"&gt;An editor has expressed a concern that this article &lt;b&gt;lends &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:UNDUE#Undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:UNDUE"&gt;undue weight&lt;/a&gt; to certain ideas, incidents, controversies or matters&lt;/b&gt;  relative to the article subject as a whole. Please help to create a  more balanced presentation. Discuss and resolve this issue before  removing this message. &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;(February 2011)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Thomas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Comments on Israel and Jews"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Comments_on_Israel_and_Jews"&gt;Comments on Israel and Jews&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;Thomas retired abruptly on June 7, 2010, following negative reaction  to comments she had made about Israel, Jews, and Palestine during a  brief interview with Rabbi &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Nesenoff"&gt;David Nesenoff&lt;/a&gt; of RabbiLive.com.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-quit_0-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-quit-0"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-foxnews2_46-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-foxnews2-46"&gt;[47]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-li_press_06-16-10_47-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-li_press_06-16-10-47"&gt;[48]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hillretirement_48-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-hillretirement-48"&gt;[49]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rabbilive_49-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-rabbilive-49"&gt;[50]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbcretirement_50-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-bbcretirement-50"&gt;[51]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Nesenoff was on the White House grounds for an &lt;a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Jewish_Heritage_Celebration_Day&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="American Jewish Heritage Celebration Day (page does not exist)"&gt;American Jewish Heritage Celebration Day&lt;/a&gt;, and he questioned Thomas as she was leaving the White House via the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Lawn" title="North Lawn"&gt;North Lawn&lt;/a&gt; driveway:&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rabbilive_49-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-rabbilive-49"&gt;[50]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-why_we_51-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-why_we-51"&gt;[52]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-stein_52-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-stein-52"&gt;[53]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-53"&gt;[54]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="templatequote"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nesenoff&lt;/b&gt;: Any comments on Israel? We're asking everybody today, any comments on Israel? &lt;b&gt;Thomas&lt;/b&gt;: Tell them to get the hell out of Palestine.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nesenoff&lt;/b&gt;: Ooh. Any better comments on Israel?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thomas&lt;/b&gt;: Hahaha. Remember, these people are occupied and it's their land. It's not German, it's not Poland...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nesenoff&lt;/b&gt;: So where should they go, what should they do?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thomas&lt;/b&gt;: They can go home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nesenoff&lt;/b&gt;: Where's the home?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thomas&lt;/b&gt;: Poland, Germany...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nesenoff&lt;/b&gt;: So you're saying the Jews go back to Poland and Germany?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thomas&lt;/b&gt;: And America and everywhere else. Why push people out of there who have lived there for centuries? See?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nesenoff&lt;/b&gt;: Are you familiar with the history of that region?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thomas&lt;/b&gt;: Very much. I'm of Arab background.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nesenoff&lt;/b&gt;: I see. Do you speak Arabic?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thomas&lt;/b&gt;: Very little. We were too busy Americanizing our parents... All the best to you.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Helen_Thomas_Complete_YouTube_video_54-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-Helen_Thomas_Complete_YouTube_video-54"&gt;[55]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="templatequotecite"&gt;—May 27, 2010,&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite&gt;RabbiLive.com &lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rabbilive_49-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-rabbilive-49"&gt;[50]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;A one-minute excerpt of the May 27, 2010 interview was posted on  Rabbi Nesenoff's site on June 3, 2010. On June 4, Thomas issued an  apology on her personal web site:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;I deeply regret my comments I made last week regarding the Israelis  and the Palestinians. They do not reflect my heart-felt belief that  peace will come to the Middle East only when all parties recognize the  need for mutual respect and tolerance. May that day come soon.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-foxnewscontroversy_55-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-foxnewscontroversy-55"&gt;[56]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-56"&gt;[57]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-57"&gt;[58]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;However, in October 2010, while being interviewed by Scott Spears of Ohio radio station &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMRN_%28AM%29" title="WMRN (AM)"&gt;WMRN-AM&lt;/a&gt;,  Thomas stated that while her comments had touched a nerve, they were  "exactly what I thought." She said she realized soon afterward she would  be fired, stating, "I hit the third rail. You cannot criticize Israel  in this country and survive." Thomas added that she issued an apology  because people were upset, but that ultimately she "had the same  feelings about Israel's aggression and brutality."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-58"&gt;[59]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Again on December 2, 2010, shortly before a speech, Thomas told  reporters that the comments she made to Nesenoff were "the truth", "I  stand by it, I told the truth". Then referring that it led to the end of  her decades-long career in journalism, she said "I paid a price, but  it's worth it to speak the truth", adding "the truth is always a  casualty in disputes like that".&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wayne_59-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-wayne-59"&gt;[60]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  In her speech (see below), Thomas told about how she was jokingly  referred to as "Hezbollah," "Hamas" and a "terrorist" by White House  press officials. She said she didn't protest the comments because "I  know who I am".&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-60"&gt;[61]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-61"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-61"&gt;[62]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Thomas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Reactions and repercussions"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Reactions_and_repercussions"&gt;Reactions and repercussions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;Thomas's agency, Nine Speakers, Inc., dropped her as a client because of her remarks.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-62"&gt;[63]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-63"&gt;[64]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Crawford"&gt;Craig Crawford&lt;/a&gt;, who co-authored &lt;i&gt;Listen up, Mr. President&lt;/i&gt;, said "I ... will no longer be working with Helen on our book projects.”&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ListenUp_64-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-ListenUp-64"&gt;[65]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Her scheduled delivery of a commencement speech at &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Whitman_High_School"&gt;Walt Whitman High School&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland"&gt;Bethesda&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland"&gt;Maryland&lt;/a&gt;, was canceled by the school.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-65"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-65"&gt;[66]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Correspondents%27_Association"&gt;White House Correspondents' Association&lt;/a&gt;, over which she once presided, issued a statement calling her remarks "indefensible".&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-66"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-66"&gt;[67]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; On June 7, Thomas abruptly tendered her resignation from Hearst Newspapers.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-foxnews1_67-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-foxnews1-67"&gt;[68]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Jay"&gt;Paul Jay&lt;/a&gt;, CEO and Senior Editor of &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Real_News_Network" title="The Real News Network"&gt;The Real News Network&lt;/a&gt;,  suggested that the acrimonious reactions related to the previous  instances on which Helen Thomas had questioned American support for  Israel; Thomas had previously asked President Obama about &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Israel" title="Nuclear weapons and Israel"&gt;Israel's "secret" nuclear weapons&lt;/a&gt;, and why the White House did not condemn the Israeli &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_flotilla_raid" title="Gaza flotilla raid"&gt;attacks on the aid flotilla&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-68"&gt;[69]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Others saw it as recrimination for past questioning of "Zionist" tactics within America.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-69"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-69"&gt;[70]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On June 8, in an interview on &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC" title="NBC"&gt;NBC's&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Today_%28NBC_program%29" title="Today (NBC program)"&gt;Today Show&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;,  President Obama called her remarks "offensive" and "out of line", and  said her retirement was "the right decision". He remarked that it was a  "shame" her celebrated career had to end in such controversy, and at the  same time he recognized her long service covering U.S. presidents,  calling her "a real institution in Washington."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-usatoday1_70-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-usatoday1-70"&gt;[71]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Her comments also garnered rebukes from numerous others, including White House Press Secretary &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Gibbs"&gt;Robert Gibbs&lt;/a&gt;, former White House Press Secretary &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ari_Fleischer"&gt;Ari Fleischer&lt;/a&gt;, former special counsel to and White House spokesman for President Bill Clinton, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanny_Davis"&gt;Lanny Davis&lt;/a&gt;, former Arkansas Governor &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Huckabee"&gt;Mike Huckabee&lt;/a&gt;, and Hoover Institution senior fellow &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson"&gt;Victor Davis Hanson&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-foxnewscontroversy_55-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-foxnewscontroversy-55"&gt;[56]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-71"&gt;[72]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-72"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-72"&gt;[73]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-73"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-73"&gt;[74]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Helen Thomas' alma mater, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_State_University"&gt;Wayne State University&lt;/a&gt; strongly condemned what it called her "wholly inappropriate comments."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-foxnews2_46-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-foxnews2-46"&gt;[47]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thomas' defenders either supported her comments or tried to put them  into what they felt was a proper context. These arguments included the  belief that she was completely correct and should not have felt any  repercussions (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah"&gt;Hezbollah&lt;/a&gt; called Thomas' comments "courageous, bold, honest and free opinion," while &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas"&gt;Hamas&lt;/a&gt; said she had "told the truth."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-74"&gt;[75]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hezbollah_lauds_75-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-Hezbollah_lauds-75"&gt;[76]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;),  that Thomas was only referring to the West Bank when she talked about  Israelis getting the hell out of "Palestine", or that her comments could  not be explained away but should not erase what she had achieved in her  memorable career, such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Donaldson"&gt;Sam Donaldson&lt;/a&gt;,  another former White House correspondent who did not agree with what  Thomas said. Donaldson, however, praised Thomas' achievements as an  early woman journalist, and said her comments likely reflected the view  of many people of Arab descent).&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-never_shied_76-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-never_shied-76"&gt;[77]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After Thomas' resignation, her coveted front row center seat in the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Briefing_Room" title="White House Briefing Room"&gt;White House Briefing Room&lt;/a&gt; was awarded to the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press"&gt;Associated Press&lt;/a&gt; (AP), while &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News"&gt;Fox News&lt;/a&gt; moved from the second row into the AP's former front row position.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-77"&gt;[78]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In August 2010, a group of Holocaust survivors and relatives criticized the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_American_National_Museum"&gt;Arab American National Museum&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan"&gt;Dearborn, Michigan&lt;/a&gt;  for its plans to place a statue of Helen Thomas in its museum, saying  that it would be immoral to honor her and that "American values are at  stake."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-78"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-78"&gt;[79]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-79"&gt;[80]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The president of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Professional_Journalists"&gt;Society of Professional Journalists&lt;/a&gt;, Kevin Smith, said in June that Thomas's comments were "offensive" and "inexcusable."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-foxnews2_46-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-foxnews2-46"&gt;[47]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The society was later asked why it decided to continue the Helen Thomas  Award for Lifetime Achievement after Thomas's comments. Smith's  successor as the society's president, Hagit Limor replied in December:  "We discussed the issue at our exec board meeting in July 2010. The  majority believed this to be a one-time slip that didn't change Ms.  Thomas's lifetime of service, which is what we were honoring." &lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-80"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-80"&gt;[81]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-81"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-81"&gt;[82]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  However, on January 14, 2011, the Society of Professional Journalists  voted to retire the Helen Thomas Award for Lifetime Achievement; stating  that it staunchly defends the right to free speech, but that "the  controversy surrounding this award has overshadowed the reason it  exists". "...No individual worthy of such honor should have to face this  controversy. No honoree should have to decide if the possible backlash  is worth being recognized for his or her contribution to journalism."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-82"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-82"&gt;[83]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; "SPJ will simply not give a lifetime achievement award (anymore)" said Scott Leadingham, spokesman for SPJ.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-83"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-83"&gt;[84]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Thomas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=10" title="Edit section: December 2010 speech controversy"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="December_2010_speech_controversy"&gt;December 2010 speech controversy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;On December 2, 2010, in a speech for the eighth annual "Images and  Perceptions of Arab Americans" conference at the Byblos Banquet Center  on Chase, Thomas said: "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress"&gt;Congress&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House"&gt;White House&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood"&gt;Hollywood&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street"&gt;Wall Street&lt;/a&gt; are owned by &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionist" title="Zionist"&gt;Zionists&lt;/a&gt;. No question, in my opinion."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wayne_59-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-wayne-59"&gt;[60]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Thomas defended her comments on December 7, telling Scott Spears of  Marion, Ohio AM radio station WMRN, "I just think that people should be  enlightened as to who is in charge of the opinion in this country." &lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-84"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-84"&gt;[85]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The next day, the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League"&gt;Anti-Defamation League&lt;/a&gt;  called for journalism schools and organizations to rescind any honors  given to Thomas. The organization said that Thomas had "clearly,  unequivocally revealed herself as a vulgar anti-Semite" in the speech.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-85"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-85"&gt;[86]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Hours later, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_State_University"&gt;Wayne State University&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit"&gt;Detroit&lt;/a&gt;  discontinued the Helen Thomas Spirit of Diversity in Media Award, which  it had been granting for more than ten years, citing what it called her  &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitic" title="Antisemitic"&gt;antisemitic&lt;/a&gt;  remarks. The school issued a statement saying: "As a public university,  Wayne State encourages free speech and open dialogue, and respects  diverse viewpoints. However, the university strongly condemns the  anti-Semitic remarks made by Helen Thomas...". Speaking for the school,  Matthew Seeger said: "The controversy has brought a negative light to  the award, which was never the intent of the award."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wayne_59-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-wayne-59"&gt;[60]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Thomas herself reacted with scolding remarks saying that "the leaders  of Wayne State University have made a mockery of the First Amendment and  disgraced their understanding of its inherent freedom of speech and the  press." She also stated that "the university also has betrayed academic  freedom—a sad day for its students."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-86"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-86"&gt;[87]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The university's Arab American Student Union held a protest on campus  December 10. In a news release the Palestine Cultural Office of Michigan  made a call for concerned individuals to contact the university. Also,  members of the Congress of Arab American Organizations held a meeting  with university officials on December 7 in an attempt to make them  repeal their decision. In a later response the university said it would  not reverse its position.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-87"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-87"&gt;[88]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Asked by &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Detroit_Free_Press" title="The Detroit Free Press"&gt;The Detroit Free Press&lt;/a&gt;  how she'd respond to people who say she's anti-Semitic, Thomas  responded: 'I'd say I'm a Semite. What are you talking about?'"  referring to the fact that her parents were Arab.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-88"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-88"&gt;[89]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; However while the term's &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymology"&gt;etymology&lt;/a&gt; might suggest that antisemitism is directed against all &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic#Ancient_Semitic_peoples" title="Semitic"&gt;Semitic peoples&lt;/a&gt;, the term was coined in the late 19th century in Germany as a more scientific-sounding term for &lt;i&gt;Judenhass&lt;/i&gt; ("Jew-hatred"),&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Judenhass_89-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-Judenhass-89"&gt;[90]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and that has been its normal use since then.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JustJews_90-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-JustJews-90"&gt;[91]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Thomas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Awards"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Awards"&gt;Awards&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Thomas has received numerous awards and more than 30 honorary degrees. In 1976, Thomas was named one of the &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Almanac"&gt;World Almanac&lt;/a&gt;'&lt;/i&gt;s 25 Most Influential Women in America.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-91"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-91"&gt;[92]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1986 she received the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Allen_White#Posthumous_honors" title="William Allen White"&gt;William Allen White Foundation Award for Journalistic Merit&lt;/a&gt; from the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Kansas"&gt;University of Kansas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-honor_17-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-honor-17"&gt;[18]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Thomas received an &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Forum" title="Freedom Forum"&gt;Al Neuharth Award for Excellence in the Media&lt;/a&gt; from the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Forum"&gt;Freedom Forum&lt;/a&gt; in 1991. The &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Correspondent%27s_Association" title="White House Correspondent's Association"&gt;White House Correspondent's Association&lt;/a&gt; honored her in 1998 by establishing the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#Awards" title="Helen Thomas"&gt;Helen Thomas Lifetime Achievement Award&lt;/a&gt;. In 2000, her alma mater, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_State_University"&gt;Wayne State University&lt;/a&gt;, established an award for journalists in her honor, the &lt;a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Thomas_Spirit_of_Diversity_award&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Helen Thomas Spirit of Diversity award (page does not exist)"&gt;Helen Thomas Spirit of Diversity award&lt;/a&gt;;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-92"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-92"&gt;[93]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  but in December 2010, the award was discontinued by Wayne State citing  her renewed remarks that she stands by what she had said earlier in May  to Nesenoff. Speaking for Wayne State, Matthew Seeger, its interim dean  said, that the award is given to promote the importance of diversity in  the media; but this award “is no longer helping us achieve our goals”.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-93"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-93"&gt;[94]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; In 2007, Thomas received a Foremother Award from the National Research Center for Women &amp;amp; Families.&lt;br /&gt;In October 2010, the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_American-Islamic_Relations"&gt;Council on American-Islamic Relations&lt;/a&gt; (CAIR) honored Thomas with a lifetime achievement award.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-94"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-94"&gt;[95]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-95"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Thomas#cite_note-95"&gt;[96]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Thomas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography"&gt;Bibliography&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Listen Up Mr. President: Everything You Always Wanted Your President to Know and Do.&lt;/i&gt; (with co-author &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Crawford"&gt;Craig Crawford&lt;/a&gt;) (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons"&gt;Charles Scribner's Sons&lt;/a&gt;, 2009) &lt;a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1439148155"&gt;ISBN 1-4391-4815-5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Great White House Breakout.&lt;/i&gt; (with co-author and illustrator &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip_Bok"&gt;Chip Bok&lt;/a&gt;) (Penguin Group, 2008) &lt;a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780803733008"&gt;ISBN 9780803733008&lt;/a&gt; (children's book)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Watchdogs of Democracy?&amp;nbsp;: The Waning Washington Press Corps and How It Has Failed the Public&lt;/i&gt; (Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006) &lt;a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0743267818"&gt;ISBN 0-7432-6781-8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Thanks for the Memories, Mr. President&amp;nbsp;: Wit and Wisdom from the Front Row at the White House&lt;/i&gt; (Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003) &lt;a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0743202260"&gt;ISBN 0-7432-0226-0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Front Row at the White House&amp;nbsp;: My Life and Times&lt;/i&gt; (Scribner, 2000) &lt;a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0684868091"&gt;ISBN 0-684-86809-1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dateline: White House&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers"&gt;Macmillan&lt;/a&gt;, 1975) &lt;a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0026176203"&gt;ISBN 0-02-617620-3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Thomas&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=13" title="Edit section: See also"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="See_also"&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Sanchez"&gt;Rick Sanchez&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_Nasr"&gt;Octavia Nasr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_Jewish_control_of_the_media"&gt;Allegations of Jewish control of the media&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-94069925867385947?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/94069925867385947/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=94069925867385947' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/94069925867385947'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/94069925867385947'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/03/helen-thomas.html' title='Helen Thomas'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-604899390169460478</id><published>2011-03-04T09:36:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-03-04T14:36:10.385+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Ruben Got booed 'What Islamic Learning? That's Crazy! "</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id="submenu"&gt; 		 		 		&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span id="result_box" class="long_text" lang="en"&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Ruben Got booed 'What Islamic Learning? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;That's Crazy! "&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Abu Bakr Ruben&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;REPUBLIKA.CO.ID, The story of Abu Bakr Ruben search starts since he was in college. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;At that time he suffered much trouble. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Close friend died of a drug addict. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Her parents divorced and he was experiencing financial difficulties.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"I began to ask what is the purpose of life?" &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;he said. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Difficult events that occurred almost insistent it becomes cathartic for Ruben to glance at religion.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Ruben was raised in Melbourne by parents who do not believe in God. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"As  a child I was brought up to embrace Christianity, but my parents were  atheists, so I tend to have a view of atheists," said Ruben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;The first religion which he tries to learn is Christian. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Incidentally a friend invited him to come to camp keagamanan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"They sing, they sound good, but I am confused what it means," said Ruben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"They then say that God loves me." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Ruben surprise. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"How could God love me while I had a dog he does not love me," he said. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Apparently at that time Ruben life aimlessly. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;He  is not the type of person who can be relied upon, even though the  request for help is their parents and he has a dog which he never  mismanagement.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Not finding what he was looking he stepped back, now turn to the Catholic and Anglican Baptist. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;But there are things that make it annoyed every time he asked his followers. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"They would open the gospel and then say 'Oh, the answer is my brother' as he perceived," said Ruben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"Every time they answer their opinions, so I concluded of course many interpretations of Christianity," he said. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;In fact, he added, that does not include differences in the church.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Between a pastor and other pastors could have different interpretations and each claimed one another. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"The Gospel of taste but interpretations vary and each person can do, it's very confusing," he said.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Next he did encounter with Hinduism. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He made friends with a devout belief that while working part time. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"I was then introduced to the elephant-headed god." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Again Reuben asked, why should the elephant-headed god, what is the relationship with the elephant god. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"Why not a lion? More powerful. For me highly illogical and difficult to understand."&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Investigate further he investigated the Jewish religion. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"Yes  my name is Abu Bakr Ruben, came from Rubenstein, a very Jewish name so I  also tried to find out what it was Jews, 'he said. But none of the  belief that wearing it on his heart.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Until one day he met a Christian theme. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"I asked how your search, what was kampu learn?" &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Ruben said the friend imitate speech. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He answered all, started the Christian, Catholic, Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish, Anglican but no one could pull his heart.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;The friend asked, "What about Islam?". &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Questions  immediately struck by Reuben with scorn, "What is Islam? Why would I  mengivestigasi religion of terrorism? That's crazy."&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;But Reuben said the body's response to another. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"I  do not know why and what moves me, which obviously I wear shoes, neatly  dressed and go to the mosque. I do not have a clue, how I do it," said  Ruben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Once inside the mosque, Ruben feel anxious. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"I thought 'Oh I'll die here, I was the only white person in sight," he said. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;When it is a Middle Eastern man with a big thick sideburns wearing an abaya approached. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He named Abu Hamza.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Sudden unexpected Reuben, Abu Hamza greeted with friendly and even asked someone else to make tea for Ruben. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"I never imagined I would receive such treatment," said Ruben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;He began to ask many questions, about his friends who had died, of what is past and the future. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Abu  Hamza, as manifested Ruben, stood to take the Qur'an and opened the  book and shows a paragraph and ask for Ruben to read this and say the  answer.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"It really strikes me," he recalls. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He also asked other difficult things, like why grow a beard, mengapat use the hijab, why have four wives. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"I  thought it was tough questions, but really amazing, they always open  the Qur'an and then give it to me to read. It is always they did prior  to further review by the hadith books that also exist in the mosque,"  said &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Ruben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"They always open the Koran to answer and no opinion at all," he said. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Ruben then asked, "I'm curious about your opinion about this, about the rules." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Beyond hope Ruben, they replied, "I can not and should not be perceived on the Word of God."&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"Subhanallah,  that's what really touched me and always makes me think," said Reuben,  who had converted to Islam while telling his story. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;At night he brought home the Koran. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"And when I read, I not only found the story, but as if there are guiding me."&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He looked at the Qur'an not only correct but also logical and scientific. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;He  was amazed at how the Qur'an also describes the process of creation and  birth of man, the narrative process of the fertilized egg cell to  create blood clots, bone growth, blowing spirit to eventually form the  fetus is ready to be born into the earth.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"This is what I was looking for, this is what I need," he said. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;It took six months before he came to the conclusion that. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;But when they wanted to make major changes, Reuben wants another justification for strengthening decision. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"I was ready to make a big leap, but only want one drive, not necessarily large, even small enough," he said.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;For that he even had a dialogue of God. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"Come on God one thing," she mimicked his own words then. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;He sits in the middle of the dam with one candle lit room. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Long she waited. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;None of this happened. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"Quite frankly very disappointed." Ouch you miss a chance '"said Ruben time to God.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He returned to wait for a second sign. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Again, no change, no clue. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"Oh please do not kecewakan me again. I am once again very disappointed." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Ruben said that finally decided to open the Koran. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He  stopped by a few verses, one of which reads "And He has subjected the  night and day, sun and moon for you. And the stars were subdued (for  you) by His command. Verily in this is really any signs (of power &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;God) for people who understand (it) (Sura 52:12)&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Reading the paragraph that Reuben realized. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"How I arogannya demanding specific signs as I want. The sun and all creation on earth is a sign to us all," said Ruben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Once confident with the decision he returned to visit the mosque. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"I do not know what to do and have to say anything, so I decided to mosque." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Arriving at the mosque was surprised to see Reuben room so full of people. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;It appears that as the first day of Ramadan.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Expresses its intention, he was asked to say two sentences creed. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"It's very messy, my guide said 'ASYHADU' I replied" As what? "To many times. Ludicrous." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Ruben recalls.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;The guide insisted on Reuben that he had to say it in its original language, Arabic. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;The sentence can not be spoken in English. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Practicing a few moments, tongue Reuben is finally smooth oath. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;On the first day of Ramadan that he had officially become Muslim.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Once completed Ruben admitted there are loads who are interested in and escape out of her body. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"I feel lighter," he said. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He thinks that time will get a welcome shout and Takbir 'Allahu Akbar'. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"But  it was not, one by one they approached me, shook my hand and kissed me.  In fact I have never had a kiss that much of women," said Ruben joked.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"But  it's extraordinary events is very valuable and I can not forget. I feel  happy because at that time I also got a lot of brothers."&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Knowing he converted to Islam, his parents got worried. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"They're afraid I'll suddenly have shouldered an AK 47 and holding a grenade," selorohnya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"I  explained it was not possible. To be honest I feel calm. Mentally I am  more stable, I am also more focused and they (parents-ed) to see that  change." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;said Reuben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Curious, his father, too, reading the Qur'an. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;They said to Ruben since becoming a Muslim he becomes a better person. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"You  become a more reliable, trustworthy and can be asked for help, 'said  Reuben imitate speech father." That's what I feel and I will continue to  believe in and explore this religion. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;=================&lt;br&gt;&lt;img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/PCLOUN%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot.png" alt=""&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div id="submenu"&gt; 		 		 		&lt;/div&gt; 	   	 	 		&lt;div class="sub-title"&gt; 			&lt;a href="http://www.republika.co.id/"&gt;Republika OnLine&lt;/a&gt; �  						&lt;a href="http://www.republika.co.id/kanal/dunia-islam"&gt;Dunia Islam&lt;/a&gt; �  			&lt;a href="http://www.republika.co.id/kanal/dunia-islam/mualaf"&gt;Mualaf&lt;/a&gt; 					&lt;/div&gt;  		 			 								&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/mualaf/11/03/04/167428-ruben-sempat-mencemooh-apa-belajar-islam-itu-gila"&gt;Ruben Sempat Mencemooh 'Apa Belajar Islam? Itu Gila!'&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; 						&lt;div class="img-detail-berita"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div class="img-title"&gt;Abu Bakar Ruben&lt;/div&gt; 											&lt;/div&gt; 								&lt;p&gt;REPUBLIKA.CO.ID,  Kisah pencarian Abu  Bakar Ruben dimulai sejak ia berada di bangku kuliah. Saat itu ia  ditimpa banyak masalah. Teman dekatnya meninggal karena kecanduan  narkoba. Orangtuanya bercerai dan ia mengalami kesulitan keuangan.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;"Saya  pun mulai bertanya apa sebenarnya tujuan hidup itu?" tuturnya.  Peristiwa sulit yang terjadi hampir bertubi-tubi itu menjadi katarsis  bagi Ruben untuk melirik agama.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Ruben dibesarkan di Melbourne  oleh orangtua yang tak percaya Tuhan. "Saat kecil saya memang dibesarkan  untuk menganut Kristen, tapi orang tua saya atheis, sehingga saya  cenderung memiliki pandangan atheis," ungkap Ruben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Agama pertama  yang ia coba pelajari adalah Kristen. Kebetulan seorang teman  mengundangnya untuk datang ke kemah keagamanan. "Mereka bernyanyi, suara  mereka bagus, tapi saya bingung apa artinya," tutur Ruben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;"Mereka  kemudian bilang bahwa Tuhan mencintai saya." Ruben keheranan.  "Bagaimana mungkin tuhan mencintai saya sedangkan saya punya anjing dia  tidak tidak mencintai saya," tuturnya. Rupanya saat itu kehidupan Ruben  tak tentu arah. Ia bukan tipe orang yang bisa diandalkan, meskipun yang  meminta bantuan adalah orang tuanya dan ia memiliki seekor anjing yang  kemudian tak pernah ia urus.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Tak menemukan apa yang ia cari ia  pun melangkah lagi, kini giliran Katholik dan Anglican Baptis. Namun ada  hal yang membuat ia terganggu setiap saat ia bertanya kepada  pemeluknya. "Mereka akan membuka injil dan kemudian berkata 'Oh  jawabannya ini saudaraku' sambil beropini," tutur Ruben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;"Setiap  kali mereka menjawab mereka beropini, sehingga saya menyimpulkan tentu  banyak sekali intepretasi dalam Kristen," katanya. Padahal, lanjutnya,  itu belum termasuk perbedaan dalam gereja. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Antara satu pendeta  dengan pendeta lain bisa memiliki intepretasi berbeda dan saling  mengklaim satu sama lain. "Injil satu rasa tapi intepretasi bermacam dan  setiap orang bisa melakukan, itu sangat membingungkan," ujarnya.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Berikutnya  ia melakukan persentuhan dengan Hindu. Ia berteman dengan seorang  penganut keyakinan tersebut saat bekerja paruh waktu. "Saya kemudian  dikenalkan dengan tuhan berkepala gajah." Lagi-lagi Ruben bertanya,  mengapa tuhan harus berkepala gajah, apa hubungan gajah dengan tuhan.  "Mengapa tidak singa? lebih perkasa. Bagi saya sangat tidak logis dan  sulit untuk dipahami."&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Menginvestigasi lebih jauh ia menyelidiki  agama Yahudi. "Ya nama saya Abu Bakar Ruben, berasal dari Rubenstein,  nama yang  sangat Yahudi karena itu saya juga mencoba mencari  tahu apa  itu Yahudi,' tuturnya. Namun tak ada satupun dari keyakinan  itu yang  mengena di hatinya.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Hingga suatu saat ia bertemu temanya yang  beragama Kristen. "Saya ditanya bagaimana pencarianmu, apa saja yang  sudah kampu pelajari?" kata Ruben menirukan ucapan si teman. Ia menjawab  semua, mulai Kristen, Katholik, Hindu, Budha, Yahudi, Anglikan tapi tak  ada yang bisa menarik hatinya.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Si teman bertanya lagi,  "Bagaimana dengan Islam?". Pertanyaan langsung disambar Ruben dengan  cemooh, "Apa, Islam? Buat apa saya mengivestigasi agama terorisme? Itu  gila."&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Tapi respon tubuh Ruben berkata lain. "Saya tidak tahu  mengapa dan apa yang menggerakan saya, yang jelas saya mengenakan  sepatu, berpakaian rapi dan pergi ke masjid. Saya tak punya petunjuk,  bagaimana saya melakukan itu," tutur Ruben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Begitu masuk masjid,  Ruben merasa cemas. "Saya berpikir 'Aduh saya bakal mati di sini, saya  satu-satunya kulit putih yang terlihat," tuturnya. Ketika itu seorang  pria Timur Tengah berperawakan besar dengan cambang tebal mengenakan  abaya mendekatinya. Ia bernama Abu Hamzah. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Tiba-tiba diluar  dugaan Ruben, Abu Hamzah menyapanya dengan ramah dan bahkan meminta  seorang yang lain untuk membuatkan teh bagi Ruben. "Tak pernah saya  bayangkan bakal mendapat perlakuan seperti itu," kata Ruben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Ia  pun mulai banyak bertanya, tentang teman-temannya yang telah meninggal,  tentang apa itu masa lalu dan masa yang akan datang. Abu Hamzah, seperti  yang dituturkan Ruben, berdiri mengambil Al Qur'an dan membuka kitab  itu lalu menunjukkan sebuah ayat dan meminta Ruben membaca seraya  berkata ini jawabannya.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;"Itu benar-benar menghentak saya,"  kenangnya. Ia pun menanyakan hal-hal sulit lain, seperti mengapa  menumbuhkan janggut, mengapat menggunakan hijab, mengapa memiliki istri  empat. "Saya pikir itu adalah pertanyaan-pertanyaan sulit, tapi sungguh  luar biasa, mereka selalu membuka Al  Qur'an dan lalu memberikan kepada  saya untuk dibaca. Itu selalu mereka lakukan sebelum mengulas lebih jauh  dengan buku hadis yang juga ada di dalam masjid," tutur Ruben.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"Mereka selalu membuka Al Quran untuk menjawab dan sama sekali tidak  beropini," ujarnya. Kemudian Ruben pun bertanya, "Saya ingin tahu  tentang opini anda tentang ini, tentang aturan itu."  Diluar harapan  Ruben, mereka menjawab, "Saya tidak mungkin dan tidak boleh beropini  tentang Firman Tuhan".&lt;/p&gt; "Subhanallah, itulah yang benar-benar menyentuh saya dan selalu  membuat saya teringat," ujar Ruben yang telah memeluk Islam saat  menuturkan kisahnya. Malamnya ia pun membawa pulang Al Quran. "Dan  ketika saya membaca, saya bukan hanya menemukan kisah, tapi seolah-olah  ada yang memandu saya."&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Ia memandang Al Qur'an tak hanya benar  tetapi juga logis dan ilmiah. Ia takjub bagaimana Al Qur'an juga  menguraikan proses penciptaan dan kelahiran manusia, penuturan proses  sel telur yang dibuahi hingga tercipta gumpalan darah, tumbuh tulang,  peniupan ruh hingga akhirnya membentuk janin yang siap dilahirkan ke  bumi.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;"Inilah yang saya cari, ini yang saya perlukan," ujarnya.  Butuh enam bulan sebelum ia sampai pada kesimpulan itu. Tapi ketika  hendak membuat perubahan besar, Ruben menginginkan pembenaran lain untuk  menguatkan keputusannya. "Saya sudah siap melakukan lompatan besar,  tapi ingin satu dorongan saja, tak perlu besar, kecil pun cukup,"  tuturnya. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Untuk itu ia bahkan melakukan dialog Tuhan. "Ayolah  Allah satu saja," ujarnya menirukan ucapannya sendiri saat itu. Ia duduk  dam di tengah ruangan dengan satu lilin menyala. Lama ia menunggu. Tak  satupun hal terjadi. "Terus terang sangat kecewa. 'Aduh Engkau  melewatkan satu kesempatan'" ujar Ruben saat itu kepada Tuhan.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Ia  kembali menunggu pertanda kedua. Lagi-lagi tak ada perubahan, tak ada  petunjuk. "Aduh tolong jangan kecewakan aku lagi. Saya lagi-lagi sungguh  kecewa." tutur Ruben yang akhirnya memutuskan membuka Al Quran. Ia  terhenti oleh beberapa ayat, salah satunya berbunyi "Dan Dia menundukkan  malam dan siang, matahari dan bulan untukmu. Dan bintang-bintang itu  ditundukkan (untukmu) dengan perintah-Nya. Sesungguhnya pada yang  demikian itu benar-benar ada tanda-tanda (kekuasaan Allah) bagi kaum  yang memahami(nya) (QS 52:12)&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Membaca ayat itu Ruben tersadar.  "Betapa arogannya saya menuntut tanda spesifik seperti yang saya mau.  Matahari dan semua ciptaannya di muka bumi adalah tanda bagi kita  semua," tutur Ruben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Begitu yakin dengan keputusannya ia kembali  berkunjung ke masjid. "Saya tidak tahu harus berbuat apa dan harus  mengucapkan apa, jadi saya putuskan ke masjid." Tiba di masjid Ruben  terkejut menjumpai ruangan begitu penuh orang. Rupanya saat itu hari  pertama Ramadhan.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Mengutarakan niatnya, ia pun diminta untuk  mengucapkan dua kalimat syahadat. "Sangat belepotan, pemandu saya bilang  'Asyhadu' saya jawab "As apa?" sampai berulang kali. Menggelikan."  kenang Ruben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Si pemandu menegaskan pada Ruben bahwa ia harus  mengucapkan itu dalam bahasa aslinya, Arab. Kalimat itu tak bisa  diucapkan dalam bahasa Inggris. Berlatih beberapa saat, lidah Ruben  akhirnya lancar mengucapkan ikrar tersebut. Pada hari pertama Ramadhan  itu ia pun resmi menjadi Muslim.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Begitu selesai Ruben mengaku ada  beban yang tertarik dan lepas keluar dari tubuhnya. "Saya merasa  ringan," ujarnya. Ia mengira saat itu akan mendapat sambutan teriakan  dan takbir 'Allahu Akbar'. "Tapi ternyata tidak, satu persatu mereka  mendatangi saya, menjabat tangan saya dan mencium saya. Bahkan saya  belum pernah mendapat ciuman sebanyak itu dari wanita," tutur Ruben  berkelakar. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;"Tapi itu peristiwa luar biasa sangat berharga dan  tidak bisa saya lupakan. Saya merasa bahagia karena saat itu juga saya  mendapat banyak saudara."&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Mengetahui ia masuk Islam, orangtuanya  sempat cemas. "Mereka takut tiba-tiba nanti saya sudah memanggul AK 47  dan memegang granat," selorohnya. "Saya jelaskan itu tidak mungkin.  Terus terang saya merasa tenang. Mental saya lebih stabil, saya juga  lebih fokus dan mereka (orangtua-red) melihat perubahan itu." tutur  Ruben.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Penasaran, ayahnya pun ikut membaca Al Qur'an. Mereka  berkata kepada Ruben sejak menjadi Muslim ia menjadi pribadi lebih baik.  "Kamu menjadi orang yang lebih bisa diandalkan, dipercaya dan bisa  diminta tolong,'kata Ruben menirukan ucapan ayahnya. "Itulah yang saya  rasakan dan saya akan terus meyakini dan mendalami agama ini."   &lt;!-- multiply:no_crosspost --&gt;&lt;p class='multiply:no_crosspost'&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-604899390169460478?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/604899390169460478/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=604899390169460478' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/604899390169460478'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/604899390169460478'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/03/ruben-got-booed-islamic-learning-that.html' title='Ruben Got booed &amp;#39;What Islamic Learning? That&amp;#39;s Crazy! &amp;quot;'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-6398484409157319813</id><published>2011-03-01T03:38:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-03-01T08:38:01.855+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Samsung Ch@t 322</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id="main-content"&gt; 																		&lt;div id="maincontent-block"&gt; 							 														 &lt;div class="componentheading" id="joo-head"&gt;   &lt;h1 class="title"&gt;Samsung Ch@t 322&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div id="joo-contentPage" class="clearfix"&gt;   &lt;div id="joo-phone-view"&gt; 	&lt;div class="joo-tabs clearfix"&gt; 	  &lt;ul class="clearfix"&gt;&lt;li class="active"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id/spesifikasi/phone/overview/2687-Samsung%20Ch@t%20322-overview"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Spesifikasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id/spesifikasi/phone/images/2687-Samsung%20Ch@t%20322-images"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Images&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id/spesifikasi/phone/comments/2687-Samsung%20Ch@t%20322-comments"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Komentar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; 	&lt;/div&gt; 	&lt;div class="joo-body clearfix"&gt;   	 &lt;div id="joo-specification" class="clearfix"&gt; 	 		&lt;div class="brandimage"&gt; 		 		   		  &lt;a href="http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id/spesifikasi/phones/114-Samsung-" title="Samsung Ch@t 322"&gt; &lt;img alt="Samsung" src="http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id//images/stories/spesifikasi_samsung.jpg.pagespeed.ce.SLNF7jYhyY.jpg" height="45" width="92"&gt; &lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt; 	   &lt;div id="joo-spec-top"&gt;     &lt;div id="jooimage"&gt;      &lt;a href="http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id/spesifikasi/phone/images/2687-Samsung%20Ch@t%20322-images" title="Samsung Ch@t 322"&gt;           &lt;img alt="Samsung Ch@t 322 Images" title="Samsung Ch@t 322 Images" src="http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id/components/com_joophone/images/image.php/jq-HiWKJn5udzphlsV5xU1pLjmdZXJY,/142823_samsung-chat-322.jpg"&gt;                 &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id/spesifikasi/phone/images/2687-Samsung%20Ch@t%20322-images" title="Samsung Ch@t 322"&gt;    &lt;/a&gt;&lt;div id="joo-spec-desc"&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id/spesifikasi/phone/images/2687-Samsung%20Ch@t%20322-images" title="Samsung Ch@t 322"&gt;     		      				&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul class="fitur"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id/spesifikasi/phone/images/2687-Samsung%20Ch@t%20322-images" title="Samsung Ch@t 322"&gt;		 		&lt;/a&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id/spesifikasi/phone/images/2687-Samsung%20Ch@t%20322-images" title="Samsung Ch@t 322"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a class="more_image" href="http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id/spesifikasi/phone/images/2687-Samsung%20Ch@t%20322-images"&gt; Images&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a class="compare_image" href="http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id/spesifikasi/compare/2687-Samsung%20Ch@t%20322" title="Adu ponsel ini"&gt;Adu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a class="comment_image" href="http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id/spesifikasi/phone/comments/2687-Samsung%20Ch@t%20322-comments" title=""&gt;Komentar ( 9 )&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;div id="joo-full-spec" class="clearfix"&gt;     &lt;h2 class="joo-title-bar comments-title"&gt;     &lt;a href="http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id/spesifikasi/phone/spec/2687-Samsung%20Ch@t%20322-full-specifications" title="Samsung Ch@t 322"&gt;      &lt;span&gt;       Spesifikasi Samsung Ch@t 322      &lt;/span&gt;     &lt;/a&gt;      &lt;/h2&gt;         &lt;div id="joo-spec-inner" class="clearfix"&gt;                           &lt;dl class="joo-t" style="width: 45%;"&gt;&lt;dt class="joo-group"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Harga&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Harga Baru:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Rp. 750.000          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style0"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Harga Bekas:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             -          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;                                  &lt;dl class="joo-t" style="width: 45%;"&gt;&lt;dt class="joo-group"&gt;&lt;span&gt;General&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Network:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             2G, GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 - SIM 1&lt;br&gt; 2G, GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 - SIM 2          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;                                  &lt;dl class="joo-t" style="width: 45%;"&gt;&lt;dt class="joo-group"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Dimensi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Ukuran/Berat:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             109.5 x 60 x 12.3 mm / 95 g          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;                                  &lt;dl class="joo-t" style="width: 45%;"&gt;&lt;dt class="joo-group"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Layar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Tipe:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             TFT, 256K colors          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style0"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Ukuran:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             220 x 176 pixels, 2.2 inches&lt;br&gt; - Optical trackpad&lt;br&gt; - QWERTY keyboard          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;                                  &lt;dl class="joo-t" style="width: 45%;"&gt;&lt;dt class="joo-group"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Sound&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Audio Jack:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             3.5 mm audio jack          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style0"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Fitur:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Vibration, MP3 ringtones          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Speakerphone:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Ya          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;                                  &lt;dl class="joo-t" style="width: 45%;"&gt;&lt;dt class="joo-group"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Memory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Internal:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             54 MB          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style0"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           External:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             microSD, up to 8GB          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;                                  &lt;dl class="joo-t" style="width: 45%;"&gt;&lt;dt class="joo-group"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           3G:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Tidak          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style0"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           EDGE:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Class 10, 236.8 kbps          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           GPRS:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Class 10 (4+1/3+2 slots), 32 - 48 kbps          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style0"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           WLAN:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Tidak          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Bluetooth:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Yes, v2.1 with A2DP          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style0"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Infrared:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Tidak          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Cable/Port:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Yes, microUSB          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;                                  &lt;dl class="joo-t" style="width: 45%;"&gt;&lt;dt class="joo-group"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Kamera&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Primer(belakang):          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             1.3 MP, 1280 x 960 pixels          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style0"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Sekunder(depan):          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Tidak          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Video Record:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Yes, QCIF@15fps          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;                                  &lt;dl class="joo-t" style="width: 45%;"&gt;&lt;dt class="joo-group"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Fitur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Sistem Operasi(OS):          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Tidak          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style0"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           CPU:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Tidak          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Browser:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style0"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           GPS:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Tidak          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Messaging:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             MP3/eAAC+ player          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style0"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Java:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Yes, MIDP 2.1          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Radio:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             FM radio          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;                                  &lt;dl class="joo-t" style="width: 45%;"&gt;&lt;dt class="joo-group"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Baterai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Stand by:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Up to 500 h          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style0"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Talk Time:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Up to 11 h          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Tipe:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Standard battery, Li-Ion          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;                                  &lt;dl class="joo-t" style="width: 45%;"&gt;&lt;dt class="joo-group"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Fitur Tambahan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Video Player:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             FM radio          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style0"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           MP3 Player:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             MP3/eAAC+ player          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Audio Record:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Ya          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd class="joo-option-df joo-line-style0"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;           Multiple SIM Card:          &lt;/strong&gt;           &lt;div class="joo-option clearfix"&gt;             Ya, GSM - GSM          &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;                  &lt;/div&gt;       &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; 	 	 &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  													&lt;/div&gt; 						&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;!-- multiply:no_crosspost --&gt;&lt;p class='multiply:no_crosspost'&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-6398484409157319813?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/6398484409157319813/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=6398484409157319813' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/6398484409157319813'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/6398484409157319813'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/03/samsung-cht-322.html' title='Samsung Ch@t 322'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-8645232138086103107</id><published>2011-03-01T02:46:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-03-01T07:46:34.976+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Ba'asyir: Ahmadiyah itu Buatan Inggris</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id="news-content"&gt; 					&lt;div id="news-content-title"&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Ba'asyir: Ahmadiyah itu Buatan Inggris&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 					&lt;div id="news-content-timestamp"&gt;Sosbud / Kamis, 10 Februari 2011 11:45 WIB&lt;/div&gt; 					&lt;div id="news-content-text"&gt; 						&lt;p align="justify"&gt; 						&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Metrotvnews.com, Jakarta: &lt;/strong&gt;Berbeda dengan  banyak pihak, Abu Bakar Ba'asyir memiliki pendapat yang unik tentang  Ahmadiyah. Menurut pemimpin Jemaah Anshorut Tauhid ini, Ahmadiyah harus  dibubarkan. "Ahmadiyah itu kafir, buatan Inggris yang harus dibubarkan  atau dinyatakan agama sendiri, baru selesai," kata Ba'asyir di Mabes  Polri, Jakarta, Kamis (10/2), sebelum menghadiri sidang di Pengadilan  Negeri Jakarta Selatan. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Mengapa Ahmadiyah harus dibubarkan? Menurut Abu Bakar Ba'asyir, karena  Ahmadiyah merusak Islam. Sebelumnya, Menteri Agama Suryadharma Ali  menawarkan empat opsi untuk menghentikan eskalasi kekerasan terhadap  Ahmadiyah.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Empat opsi itu adalah, pertama, Ahmadiyah bisa menjadi sekte atau agama  tersendiri dengan konsekuensi tidak menggunakan atribut agama Islam,  seperti masjid, Al Quran, dan lain-lain. Kedua, Ahmadiyah bisa kembali  menjadi umat Islam yang sesuai tuntunan Al Quran. Ketiga, Ahmadiyah bisa  dibiarkan saja karena ada yang berpandangan hal itu merupakan bagian  dari hak asasi manusia. Dan keempat, Ahmadiyah dibubarkan.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Kekerasan terhadap Ahmadiyah kembali meledak. Sekitar 1.000 warga  menghajar puluhan penganut Ahmadiyah di Cikeusik, Pandeglang, Banten.  Tidak hanya rumah, kekerasan itu juga merenggut korban jiwa sebanyak  tiga orang. Di luar itu, puluhan korban terluka juga jatuh. Mereka masih  dirawat di rumah sakit. (Ant/DOR)&lt;/p&gt;						 					&lt;/div&gt; 				&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;!-- multiply:no_crosspost --&gt;&lt;p class='multiply:no_crosspost'&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-8645232138086103107?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/8645232138086103107/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=8645232138086103107' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/8645232138086103107'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/8645232138086103107'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/03/ba-ahmadiyah-itu-buatan-inggris.html' title='Ba&amp;#39;asyir: Ahmadiyah itu Buatan Inggris'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-917570036793588902</id><published>2011-03-01T02:43:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-03-01T07:43:19.632+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Jatim Larang Ahmadiyah</title><content type='html'>&lt;span id="advenueINTEXT" name="advenueINTEXT"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size: 11px;"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 							&lt;div class="c_kiri3"&gt;  											&lt;a href="http://berita.liputan6.com/daerah/201102/322258/Jatim_Larang_Ahmadiyah"&gt; 							&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt; 						&lt;div style="width: 320px;color: rgb(102, 102, 102);font-style: italic;float: left;margin: 4px 0px;"&gt; 													&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br&gt; 								 							&lt;div class="artikelterkait"&gt; 					&lt;h3&gt;Artikel Terkait&lt;/h3&gt; 					&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://berita.liputan6.com/daerah/201103/322286/Papan_Nama_Ahmadiyah_Diturunkan"&gt;Papan Nama Ahmadiyah Diturunkan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://berita.liputan6.com/sosbud/201102/322233/Ahmadiyah_Menghormati_Pemerintah"&gt;Ahmadiyah Menghormati Pemerintah&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://berita.liputan6.com/sosbud/201102/322226/Ahmadiyah_Diminta_Tak_Sebarkan_Pahamnya"&gt;Ahmadiyah Diminta Tak Sebarkan Pahamnya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; 				&lt;/div&gt; 					 	&lt;/div&gt;  	&lt;h6&gt;28/02/2011 22:55&lt;/h6&gt; 	&lt;div class="pepe"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Liputan6.com, Surabaya&lt;/strong&gt;: Gubernur  Jawa Timur Soekarwo secara resmi melarang Jemaah Ahmadiyah Indonesia  (JAI) beraktivitas di provinsi tersebut. Pelarangan mulai berlaku sejak  Senin (28/2).&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Keputusan gubernur tersebut diambil bersama-sama dengan anggota Muspida,  tokoh agama, dan Majelis Ulama Indonesia Jatim. Dengan pelarangan itu,  jemaah Ahmadiyah tidak diperkenankan menyebarkan ajaran sekaligus  memasang papan nama dan atributnya.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Menurut Soekarwo, pelarangan dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi gejolak  sosial yang mungkin muncul. Selain itu menjaga ketertiban dan keamanan  di Jatim.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; Kapolda Jatim Irjen Badrodin Haiti mengharapkan larangan yang  dikeluarkan disikapi secara arif. Tak boleh ada tindakan anarkis dalam  menanggapi larangan tersebut.(ULF)&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;http://berita.liputan6.com/daerah/201102/322258/Jatim_Larang_Ahmadiyah&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;!-- multiply:no_crosspost --&gt;&lt;p class='multiply:no_crosspost'&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-917570036793588902?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/917570036793588902/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=917570036793588902' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/917570036793588902'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/917570036793588902'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/03/jatim-larang-ahmadiyah.html' title='Jatim Larang Ahmadiyah'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-642048781702251668</id><published>2011-02-27T17:45:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-27T17:45:45.127+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Shocking Blue - 04 - Love Machine.mp3 - 4shared.com - penyimpanan dan berbagi-pakai file online - unduh - Shocking Blue - 04 - Love Machine.mp3</title><content type='html'>Shocking Blue - 04 - Love Machine.mp3 - 4shared.com - penyimpanan dan berbagi-pakai file online - unduh - &amp;lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/audio/IFmUTJd7/Shocking_Blue_-_04_-_Love_Mach.html" target="_blank"&amp;gt;Shocking Blue - 04 - Love Machine.mp3&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-642048781702251668?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/642048781702251668/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=642048781702251668' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/642048781702251668'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/642048781702251668'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/02/shocking-blue-04-love-machinemp3.html' title='Shocking Blue - 04 - Love Machine.mp3 - 4shared.com - penyimpanan dan berbagi-pakai file online - unduh - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.4shared.com/audio/IFmUTJd7/Shocking_Blue_-_04_-_Love_Mach.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Shocking Blue - 04 - Love Machine.mp3&lt;/a&gt;'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-3592129947250092587</id><published>2011-02-27T15:23:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-27T20:23:21.600+07:00</updated><title type='text'>The story of John Clenn Howell Towards Islam I Initially, the Islamic Arab Regarding Only He Knew</title><content type='html'>&lt;span id="result_box" class="long_text" lang="en"&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Republika OnLine �Islamic World� new convert&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;The story of John Clenn Howell Towards Islam I &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Initially, the Islamic Arab Regarding Only He Knew&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Friday, February 25, 2011, 13:19 GMT&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;REPUBLIKA.CO.ID, Columbus - In the 1990's, John Clenn  Howel, moved from his home in Ohio to a remote area the third largest  city in America, Chicago, Illinois. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;There  he built relationships with people whom he knew through underground  music events in which he is involved as well. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Howell  lived in Chicago for five years, a period that would change his whole  life.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Environment where he lives  with his incredible variety of immigrant-dominated population. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He saw all who lived around him were people dancing. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"Foreigners in fact the majority and I are a  minority," he wrote in a note file on his Facebook account.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;In the environment, interacting daily with the  Serbian, Croatian, Albanian, Ukrainian, Gypsy, Jewish Hasidik, Chaldea,  Syria, Armenia, Russia, Greece, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Tibet and  sebagianya, is reasonable. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;But seeing no  norman see people dreadlocked nomads herding sheep from West Asia, or an  old Muslim man with a beard and turban.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Howell  also witnessed a number of women veiled in mystery, wrapped her body  from top to toe with a black dress. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He also heard  people talking in a mixture of different languages. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"All that I experienced there and right in the midst  of an ultra-urban city of Chicago," he said. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;For  someone who came from remote rural areas, people like that constellation  is very luring&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;When he started to  make friends with a variety of identities in lingkunganya, he began  experiencing major changes in consciousness. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"Many of my neighbors turned out to be Muslims and bad when all  the stereotypes I have ever received came in the memory, I realized how  all of it wrong, can not be trusted and just propaganda," he said.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Prior to Chicago, Howell apparently never been any contact at  all with the Muslims in Ohio. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He also felt the  need to understand who exactly they are. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"That's  me doing for the break through the limitations of social prejudice that  I was in a stretcher during the American culture," said Howell.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Muslim's debut is a man Afghanista, named Sami living  as a taxi driver. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;He was the same age and lived  next to Howell exactly. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"I remember the  first time I went brsamanya and we drove around in the vicinity, then I  thought, 'you must be careful, these people are Muslims and do not you  always told that Muslims are dangerous and may slit your throat in order  to steal anything &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;in your pocket? "&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;How bad it is! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"But that's  taught by society and my culture. Fortunately, I do not care about that  nonsense and I am glad I am not contaminated with it," he said. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Instead, he considered the Sami is funny man who  tells the best story about her life experiences. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"I'm  finally close to her and her entire family, really experience that  enriches life."&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Thinking back  again to the elementary school years, Howell clearly still remember a  statement from his teacher who said, "Islam is the religion of the  sword, and anyone who lives by the sword will die by the sword."&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"Now after almost ten years as a Muslim, I never once  heard a thing like that in Islam," he said. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Howell admitted now realized exactly how anti-Islamic  conditioning has been started since childhood.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;In elementary school he also got spectacle films of  anti-Islamic, such as "El Cid" describing Muslims as evil people. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;While growing up, Howell often heard his school  friends use nicknames such as 'towel head', 'sand nigger', 'camel rider'  to refer to Muslims.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Some school teachers  even claiming that Muslims are 'people who swarthy'. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;She claimed her family was lucky not pengolok, but the  type who respect and appreciate others. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"That's  who instill the values and moral ethics in balance within myself," said  Howell.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Serious questions arise  as to Howell, "How can cultural Ameika so dumb and full of prejudice  against Islam. This is the old religion of the Middle East, but  ironically, my own people also practice Islam from the East Tenggah  (Christian), they also share the same prophets &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"I also want to know the truth about Muslims and their  religion, Islam," he said. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;He began  searching for answers to many questions. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"I do not  just ask the Krisitiani. I also began to ask directly to Muslims," said  Howell. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;From there he studied and found  that Islam was stomping his mind.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"I  understand that Muslims come from everywhere and from every race. This  is very contrary to all records concerning Muslims that seems to dwell  on the Arab race," said Howell. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;The fact  that he had learned, in fact the Arab minority among Muslims. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Looking around, he found the Muslim variety. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"Only Muslims have encountered China, Philippines,  Russia, India, Turkey, Persian, Latin America, Africa, Europe and  America are all around me." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;(Continued)&lt;br&gt;http://www.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/mualaf/11/02/25/166157-awalnya-islam-yang-ia-tahu-hanyalah-seputar-arab&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!-- multiply:no_crosspost --&gt;&lt;p class='multiply:no_crosspost'&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-3592129947250092587?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/3592129947250092587/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=3592129947250092587' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/3592129947250092587'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/3592129947250092587'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/02/story-of-john-clenn-howell-towards.html' title='The story of John Clenn Howell Towards Islam I Initially, the Islamic Arab Regarding Only He Knew'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-8254579759361652021</id><published>2011-02-27T15:15:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-27T20:15:06.276+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Expert: Islamic Religious Community Will So U.S.</title><content type='html'>&lt;span id="result_box" class="long_text" lang="en"&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Republika OnLine �World of Islam� Islam Abroad&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Expert: Islamic Religious Community Will So U.S.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;&lt;br&gt;Friday, February 25, 2011, 16:56 GMT&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;REPUBLIKA.CO.ID,  REPUBLIKA.CO.ID, NEW JERSEY-Specialists Islamic history and  Islamic-Christian relations from Georgetown University, Yvonne Haddad,  said the chances of the public religion of Islam into the United States  (U.S.) is very open. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"Soon Islam will be  the religion of American society," said Haddad, during a discussion with  students of Princeton University, as quoted by the New Jersey.com,  Friday (25 / 2).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Hadad optimistic  that Muslims will become part of U.S. society. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;According to him, the signs were already apparent when the U.S.  public began to accept the existence of Muslims. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;He also saw a turning point in acceptance of Islam in the U.S.  can not be separated from the tragedy of 11 September 2001. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;According to him, was the turning point that unites Muslims in  the U.S..&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Haded explained, after  the September 11 tragedy, the mosque of the various states in the U.S.  began to prioritize the provision of knowledge about Muslims to U.S.  teens. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;The move was done to clarify their  identity as Muslims and U.S. citizens. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;Haded  further said by the policy was also established communication across the  trust. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;"We view the dialogue has a very important  position," he said.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=""&gt;According to him, in  the past, Muslims view the U.S. society is still affected by severe  trauma to the fabric of dialogue is not running. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;After that, with the establishment of the Islamic Center or  mosque, a Muslim United States has a special way to embrace the American  society by providing opportunities to the public to come and see  firsthand Islam more closely.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Looking  ahead, Hadad predict its integration with the U.S. Muslim community  will take place smoothly when the birth of new generations generas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;Through the new generation, the U.S. Muslim community  will demonstrate its existence as part of the U.S. nation through a  series of participation and views in the U.S. dialogue widely.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="" title=""&gt;"If it is described at the time, the U.S. has become  an example of pluralism in which Islam will be part of those who fight  for pluralism. In the Koran says God made a difference in society. The  difference is ensensi of Islamic teachings," he concluded.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;http://www.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-mancanegara/11/02/25/166219-pakar-islam-bakal-jadi-agama-masyarakat-as&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;!-- multiply:no_crosspost --&gt;&lt;p class='multiply:no_crosspost'&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-8254579759361652021?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/8254579759361652021/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=8254579759361652021' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/8254579759361652021'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/8254579759361652021'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/02/expert-islamic-religious-community-will.html' title='Expert: Islamic Religious Community Will So U.S.'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-588010354007940204</id><published>2011-02-25T16:54:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-25T21:55:00.454+07:00</updated><title type='text'>MUI: Puluhan Tahun Dialog Ahmadiyah Tetap Sesat</title><content type='html'>JAKARTA (Berita SuaraMedia) - Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dan  Wakil Presiden Boediono secara mendadak memanggil sejumlah menteri,  Kapolri, Panglima TNI dan Jaksa Agung. Rapat terbatas yang digelar di  Istana Merdeka itu membahas perkembangan terkini tentang aksi kekerasan  di Pandeglang, Banten, dan Temanggung, Jawa Tengah.    &lt;p&gt;Menurut Menteri Hukum dan HAM Patrialis Akbar usai rapat terbatas,  Presiden menginstruksikan para menteri terkait segera melakukan  langkah-langkah dialog dan mencari solusi untuk penyelesaian persoalan  ajaran Ahmadiyah. Meski pemerintah telah mengeluarkan SKB tiga menteri  terkait Ahmadiyah, kenyataannya kasus-kasus kekerasan terus terjadi di  masyarakat. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Pengurus Besar Nahdlatul Ulama (PBNU) berpendapat,  solusi dalam meluruskan pengikut Jamaah Ahmadiyah Indonesia (JAI) adalah  dengan membangun komunikasi yang damai, bukan dengan memaksakan  keyakinan Islam mainstream kepada pengikut JAI.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"Meluruskan dengan kelembutan. Dalam Al Quran disebutkan, undanglah  mereka yang berbeda paham dengan kita, dengan dakwah, dengan nasehat  yang baik. Jika belum juga efektif, adu argumen dengan cara yang santun.  Jika cara itu sudah mentok, ya sudah serahkan kepada Allah," tutur  Masdar Farid Mas'udi dari PBNU, dalam rapat dengar pendapat Komisi VIII  DPR, di Jakarta.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Setiap umat beragama, kata Masdar, seharusnya mengeskpresikan  agamanya dengan kelembutan. Begitupun dengan penganut Islam mainstream  dan pengikut JAI. "Mengapa keberagaman harus diekspresikan dengan  kebengisan dan kekerasan?" ujarnya.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Masing-masing umat beragama memiliki tanggung jawab untuk mengulurkan  tangan kepada sesama. Juga menjaga kebhinekaan atau keberagaman  Indonesia. "Tentunya dengan keluhuran budi dan kelembutan hati," kata  Masdar.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Kendati demikian, menurut Madar, pemimpin agama adalah yang paling  bertanggung jawab dalam menjaga keberagaman agama di Indonesia. "Umat  itu kesekian (dalam tanggung jawab)," ucapnya.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Terkait perbedaan teologi antara JAI dengan Islam mainstream, PBNU  enggan mengatakan bahwa JAI adalah aliran yang sesat. "Manusia tidak  berhak menentukan suatu keyakinan seseorang sesat atau tidak. Sesat  memang bisa terjadi pada konsep agama. Tapi kalau ini dimainkan sebagai  norma pergaulan, akan rusak kehidupan," papar Masdar.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sementara itu, mantan Wakil Presiden Jusuf Kalla berpendapat, &lt;a href="http://www.suaramedia.com/berita-nasional/38475-qpenyerangan-ahmadiyah-berdarah-itu-bukan-atas-nama-agamaq.html" target="_blank" title=""Bukan Agama, Inilah Pemicu Bentrok Berdarah Ahmadiyah""&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jemaah Ahmadiyah&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  Indonesia atau JAI tidak harus diusir atau diasingkan demi menghindari  bentrokan antarwarga meskipun dinyatakan sebagai paham sesat.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"Saya setuju Ahmadiyah sesat, tetapi tidak berarti harus diusir.  Sesat, oke, saya terima. Tapi saya tidak bisa suruh polisi usir," kata  Kalla dalam rapat dengar pendapat Komisi VIII DPR, Senayan, Jakarta.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Solusi untuk persoalan JAI yang pahamnya berbeda dengan Islam arus  utama tersebut, kata Kalla, adalah dengan menghormati satu sama lain  sesuai dengan amanat undang-undang. "Karena hukum agama masing-masing  berbeda, kita ikuti hukum negara saja. Ketegasan mengamankan negeri  ini," katanya.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Hukum tiap-tiap agama, seperti halnya fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia  (MUI) untuk pengikutnya, menurut Kalla, tidak dapat dijadikan hukum  positif. Hal itu termasuk fatwa MUI yang menyatakan bahwa Ahmadiyah  sesat. "Hukum Islam pun tidak bisa jadi hukum positif. Katakan alkohol  haram, tetapi tidak bisa dibuang begitu saja karena kita negara  Pancasila," paparnya.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Ketua Umum Palang Merah Indonesia Pusat itu juga berpendapat, solusi  untuk semua persoalan umat beragama di Indonesia, termasuk soal  Ahmadiyah, tidak dapat ditarik satu kesimpulan. Solusi harus dilihat  kasus per kasus. "Tidak ada satu solusi, tergantung masalahnya apa. Kaya  dokter juga, apa keluhannya. Tidak berarti sakit kepala obatnya sama  semua," ujarnya.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Oleh karena itu, harus dilihat dulu apa persoalan sebenarnya dalam  setiap konflik berlatar belakang agama. Kalla mencontohkan perbedaan  solusi untuk kasus kekerasan di Poso, Ambon, dan di Temanggung, Jawa  Tengah. Menurut Kalla, permasalahan dalam konflik di Poso adalah  persoalan politik. Warga non-Muslim merasa tidak mendapat keadilan  ketika hampir semua pejabat Poso yang dipilih langsung beragama Islam.  Padahal komposisi Muslim dan Nasrani di sana hampir seimbang. Adapun  sebelum reformasi, kaum Nasrani selalu mendapat jabatan seimbang dalam  pemerintahan.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"Zaman Pak Harto, Orde Baru, stabilitas dan harmoni diatur secara  baik. Selalu kalau gubernurnya Islam, wakilnya Kristen. Jadi harmonis.  Namun begitu reformasi pemilu langsung, karena penduduk lebih banyak  Islam, semua gubernur, DPR, Islam," paparnya.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Berbeda dengan konflik di Temanggung yang dipicu ketidakpuasan warga  dengan putusan hakim dalam sidang penistaan agama. "Kalau di Temanggung,  saya kira masalahnya ada sekelompok orang tidak menerima keputusan  hakim. Tidak ada solusi. Ya tergantung masalahnya, baru dicari  solusinya," ujar Kalla.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sedangkan di lain pihak, &lt;a href="http://www.suaramedia.com/berita-nasional/38687-mui-ahmadiyah-bukanlah-musuh-kami.html" target="_blank" title="MUI: Ahmadiyah Bukanlah Musuh Kami"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) menolak berdialog dengan jemaat Ahmadiyah&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; soal perbedaan keyakinan. MUI tetap pada pendiriannya bahwa Ahmadiyah menyimpang dari akidah Islam.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;"Kita MUI tetap seperti itu, &lt;a href="http://www.suaramedia.com/berita-nasional/38240-ahmadiyah-tak-semuanya-sesat.html" target="_blank" title="Ahmadiyah Tak Semuanya Sesat?"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ahmadiyah kami anggap sesat&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.  Dan sudah tidak perlu berdialog lagi," ujar Ketua MUI, Ma'ruf Amin usai  rapat dengar pendapat antara Komisi VIII DPR dengan para pemuka agama  di Gedung DPR, Senayan, Jakarta, Jumat (18/2/2011) dini hari.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Menurut Ma'ruf, MUI telah melakukan dialog dengan &lt;a href="http://www.suaramedia.com/berita-nasional/38712-hasil-dialog-rdp-dpr-ahmadiyah-tak-diakui-sebagai-islam.html" target="_blank" title="Hasil Dialog RDP DPR: Ahmadiyah Tak Diakui Sebagai Islam?"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia (JAI) terkait dengan perbedaan pandangan soal Mirza Ghulam Ahmad &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;yang diyakini sebagai nabi oleh jemaat Ahmadiyah. Namun dialog tersebut selalu buntu, Ahmadiyah tetap pada keyakinannya.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;"Sudah berpuluh-puluh tahun dialog. Tapi hasilnya tetap sama saja," terangnya.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Atas perbedaan keyakinan tersebut MUI menyerahkan sepenuhnya kepada pemerintah. &lt;a href="http://www.suaramedia.com/berita-nasional/38644-ahmadiyah-beri-mui-hadiah-3-pertanyaan.html" target="_blank" title="Ahmadiyah Beri MUI Hadiah 3 Pertanyaan"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MUI sebagai lembaga ulama, tidak berhak membubarkan Ahmadiyah&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;"Kita sudah keluarkan Fatwa, soal pembubaran atau solusi itu di tangan pemerintah," imbuhnya. (fn/lp/k2m/dt) &lt;a href="http://www.suaramedia.com/undefined/"&gt;www.suaramedia.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.suaramedia.com/undefined/"&gt;http://www.suaramedia.com/berita-nasional/38792-mui-puluhan-tahun-dialog-ahmadiyah-tetap-sesat.html&lt;br&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;!-- multiply:no_crosspost --&gt;&lt;p class='multiply:no_crosspost'&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-588010354007940204?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/588010354007940204/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=588010354007940204' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/588010354007940204'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/588010354007940204'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/02/mui-puluhan-tahun-dialog-ahmadiyah.html' title='MUI: Puluhan Tahun Dialog Ahmadiyah Tetap Sesat'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-4597858604129936561</id><published>2011-02-23T11:45:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-23T16:45:27.951+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Dipo Alam Minta Media Berimbang</title><content type='html'> &lt;span class="post-content" style="margin-top: 20px;"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jakarta (ANTARA  News) - Sekretaris Kabinet Dipo Alam meminta kepada media massa agar  berimbang dalam menurunkan pemberitaan, dengan tidak tendensius dan  tidak menyebarkan kebencian serta tidak menebar ketakutan.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;"Media  massa sebagai salah satu pemangku kekuasaan, tolong gunakan kekuasaan  itu secara berimbang dan tidak tendensius dan terus menerus menyebarkan  kebencian," kata Dipo Alam kepada ANTARA, di Jakarta, Selasa.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Ia kemudian merujuk kepada pernyataannya yang meminta instansi  pemerintah, baik dalam iklan maupun undangan, agar memboikot media massa  yang terus menurunkan pemberitaan dengan tidak mengindahkan nilai  berimbang bahkan menjurus tendensius.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Dipo mengatakan bahwa pernyataannya tersebut benar  adanya dan dia  siap memberikan keterangan kepada Dewan Pers jika memang diminta di  kemudian hari. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Lebih lanjut, ia mengatakan media yang  melakukan kebijakan keredaksian seperti itu tidaklah banyak. Masih  banyak media massa di Indonesia yang menurunkan pemberitaannya secara  berimbang dan tidak tendensius..&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Ia mencontohkan saat kunjungan  Presiden ke NTT beberapa waktu lalu. Pada saat itu, katanya, ada  sekelompok kecil, bahkan amat kecil, yang melakukan unjuk rasa.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Namun dua stasiun televisi menyebutkan masyarakat NTT menolak  Presiden. "Padahal yang menyambut Presiden jauh lebih banyak. Yang demo  tidak sampai 0,001 persen saja," katanya.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Selain itu, katanya,  dalam kasus kerusuhan Mbah Priok atau Ahmadiyah, media selalu  menayangkan kejadian tersebut secara terus-menerus. "Sampai-sampai cucu  saya takut melihatnya. Ini tidak dipikirkan," katanya.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Mengenai  pemberitaan yang berimbang, Dipo mengingatkan bahwa publik juga perlu  tahu kemajuan-kemajuan yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Ia  mengatakan, melakukan kritik berbeda dengan menjelek-jelekan. Dipo  mengatakan bahwa ia tidak antikritik dan tidak otoriter. "Saya bukan  antikritik. Tapi minta pemberitaan berimbang," katanya.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;"Jika terus-terusan menjelek-jelekkan buat apa. Buat apa juga pasang iklan (di media yang menjelek-jelekkan)," katanya.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Ia  mengatakan, jika media tersebut memiliki tendensi tertentu, ia juga  meminta pejabat tidak perlu datang jika diundang karena akan percuma  saja.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Sekali lagi Dipo mengatakan bahwa ia tidak antikritik dan  tidak alergi kritik. Namun ia juga meminta media massa tidak antikritik.  Dipo sekali lagi meminta media massa berimbang. "Tapi baru bilang  boikot, saya dibilang otoriter. Saya tidak bredel" katanya.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;   	&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;   	                  &lt;h1 class="news-title"&gt;http://www.antaranews.com/berita/247080/dipo-alam-minta-media-berimbang&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;   &lt;!-- multiply:no_crosspost --&gt;&lt;p class='multiply:no_crosspost'&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-4597858604129936561?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/4597858604129936561/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=4597858604129936561' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/4597858604129936561'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/4597858604129936561'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/02/dipo-alam-minta-media-berimbang.html' title='Dipo Alam Minta Media Berimbang'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-8369876189750764082</id><published>2011-02-21T11:05:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-21T11:05:44.712+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Riba Sebuah Dosa Besar yang Dianggap Ringan'/><title type='text'>Riba Sebuah Dosa Besar yang Dianggap Ringan</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Riba Sebuah Dosa Besar yang Dianggap Ringan&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Oleh : Abu Ibrahim ‘Abdullah Al Jakarti&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Sebagaimana kita ketahui sebuah realita  yang sangat menyedihkan terjadi di negeri ini yaitu menyebarnya berbagai  kemaksiatan yang hal itu menjadi sebab turunnya adzab Allah. Dan  diantara kemaksiatan yang menjadi sebab turunnya adzab Allah kepada kita  adalah kemaksiatan riba, hal ini sebagaimana dalam sebuah hadist,  Rasulullah &lt;em&gt;shalallahu ‘alaihi wasallam&lt;/em&gt; bersabda : &lt;em&gt;“ Apabila  telah nampak zina dan riba disebuah kampung, maka sungguh mereka telah  menghalalkan adzab Allah (kepada mereka -penj) “&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(HR. Al Hakim dan Ath Thabrani di shahihkan oleh Syaikh Al Al Bani di dalam Shahihul Jami)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Mengambil harta dari hasil riba adalah  sebuah dosa besar yang sangat membahayakan bagi kehidupan dunia dan  akhirat seseorang, tapi sangat memprihatinkan sebagian besar kaum  muslimin meremehkan dosa ini dengan ringan mereka melakukan  pratik-pratik riba. Allahu Musta’an. Berikut ini adalah diantara bahaya  kemaksiatan riba, semoga dengan sebab ini orang tergugah untuk  meninggalkan riba karena takut kepada Allah.&lt;span id="more-648"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pertama : Riba perbuatan dosa yang sangat besar yang mengakibatkan kecelakaan pelakunya didunia dan diakhirat&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Hal ini sebagaimana dalam sebuah hadist, Rasulullah shalallahu alaihi wasallam bersabda &lt;em&gt;“ Jauhilah tujuh perkara yang membinasakan.” Para sahabat bertanya : “ apa itu wahai&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Rasulullah “ Beliau menjawab : “ … (diantaranya –penj)… memakan harta riba… “&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(HR. Bukhari dan Muslim dari Abu Hurairah Radiyallahu ‘Anhu)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Berkata Al Allamah Asy Syaikh Shalih Al Fauzan Hafidzahullah :&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;“ Dari hadist ini diambil faeadah haramnya riba dan besar bahayanya “&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;( Al Mulakhos syarh Kitabut tauhid : 202)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bahkan dalam sebuah hadist digabungkan  didalam penyebutan riba dengan dosa yang paling besar yaitu syirik,  sebagaimana dalam sebuah hadist Rasulullah shalallahu alaihi wasallam  bersabda : &lt;em&gt;“ Riba memiliki dari tujuh puluh pintu dan syirik juga demikian&lt;/em&gt; “ &lt;strong&gt;(HR. Al Bazzar dan Ibnu Majah dishahihkan oleh syaikh Al Al Bani )&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kedua : Orang yang memakan riba tidak bisa berdiri pada hari kiamat kecuali seperti berdirinya orang yang kemasukkan syaithan&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Hal ini sebagaimana Firman Allah Ta’ala :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبَا لا  يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ  المَسِّ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبَا  وَأَحَلَّ اللهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;“ orang-orang yang makan (mengambil)  riba tidak dapat berdiri melainkan seperi berdirinya orang yang  kemasukkan syaithan lantaran (tekanan) penyakit gila. Keadaan yang  demikian itu adalah disebabkan mereka berkata (berpendapat),  sesungguhnya jual beli itu sama dengan riba, padahal Allah telah  menghalalkan jual beli dan mengharamkan riba…“&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; (Qs. Al Baqarah : 275)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Allah Tabaraka wa Ta’ala telah menjadikan  pelaku riba tidak dapat berdiri pada hari kiamat kecuali seperti  berdirinya orang kemasukkan syaithan lantaran penyakit gila, yakni dia  seperti orang yang kerasukkan syaithan. Keadaan seperti ini salah satu  bentuk hukuman bagi mereka, merupakan kehinaan dan keburukan yang jelas.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ketiga : Allah mengumandangkan perang bagi para pelaku riba&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Allah Ta’ala berfirman :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِنْ كُنتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا  بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ رُءُوسُ  أَمْوَالِكُمْ لا تَظْلِمُونَ وَلا تُظْلَمُونَ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;“ Hai orang-orang yang beriman,  bertakwalah kepada Allah dan tinggalkan sisa riba (yang belum dipungut)  jika kamu orang – orang yang beriman. Maka jika kamu tidak menegrjakan  (meninggalkan sisa riba) maka ketahuilah bahwa Allah dan Rasulnya akan  memerangimu. Dan jika kamu bertaubat (dari pengambilan riba), maka  bagimu pokok hartamu; kamu tidak menganiaya dan tidak pula dianiaya  (pula) dianiaya.” &lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(Qs. Al Baqarah : 278 – 279 )&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Ayat-ayat ini merupakan ancaman yang  sangat keras lagi berbahaya kepada para pelaku riba, yaitu tunggulah  perperangan dari Allah dan RasulNya wahai para pemakan riba, siapakah  yang mampu melawan Allah Dan Rasul Nya. Kita memohon kepada Allah  keselamatan dan penjagaan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keempat : Balasan bagi para pelaku riba adalah dimasukkan kedalam api neraka&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Allah Ta’ala berfirman :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَأْكُلُوا الرِّبَا أَضْعَافًا مُضَاعَفَةً وَاتَّقُوا اللهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;وَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ الَّتِي أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَافِرِينَ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;“ Hai orang-orang beriman, janganlah  kamu memakan riba dengan melipat ganda dan dan bertaqwalah kamu kepada  Allah supaya kamu mendapat keberuntungan. Dan peliharalah dirimu dari &lt;strong&gt;api neraka &lt;/strong&gt;yang disediakan untuk orang-orang kafir. Dan taatilah Allah dan Rasul, supaya kamu diberi rahmat “ &lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(Qs. Ali Imran : 130-131)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Dalam ayat lain Allah juga berfirman&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;وَمَنْ عَادَ فَأُوْلَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;“ Orang – orang yang mengulangi (mengambil riba), maka orang itu adalah penghuni-penghuni neraka; mereka kekal didalamnya” &lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(Qs. Al Baqarah : 275)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Berkata Al Imam Adz Dzahabi Rahimahullah :&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;“  Ini adalah ancaman yang sangat besar dengan dikekalkan didalam neraka  orang yang makan dari hasil riba, sebagaimana yang kamu saksikan bagi  orang yang kembali memakan riba setelah peringatan. Tidak ada daya dan  upaya kecuali karena pertolongan Allah yang Maha Tinggi lagi Maha Agung ”  &lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(Al Kabaair Imam Adz Dzahabi : 35 )&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kelima : Dosa riba lebih parah daripada dosa zina&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Rasulullah shalallahu alaihi wasallam bersabda :&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;“  Satu dirham dari riba yang dimakan oleh seseorang dan ia tahu itu  (riba), maka lebih besar disisi Allah daripada berzina tiga puluh enam  kali “&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; (HR. Imam Ahmad dan Ath Thabrani dishahihkan oleh syaikh Al Al Bani didalam shahihul jami’) &lt;/strong&gt;Bahkan  dalam sebuah hadist disebutkan seakan-akan seperti menzinahi ibunya  sendiri. Rasulullah shalallahu alaihi wasallam bersabda : &lt;em&gt;“ Riba itu memiliki tujuh puluhan pintu, yang paling ringan adalah seperti seseorang yang menggauli ibunya sendiri “&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(Hadist ini dishahihkan syaikh Al Al Bani di shahihul jami’)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keenam : Allah melaknat para pelaku riba dan orang yang terlibat didalamnya&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rasulullah &lt;/strong&gt;shalallahu alaihi wasallam bersabda &lt;strong&gt;: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;“  Allah melaknat orang yang memakan (hasil) riba, yang memberi makan  dengannya, penulisnya, dan dua saksinya jika mereka mengetahuinya”&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; (HR. Imam Muslim dari Abdullah Bin Mas’ud Radiyallahu ‘Anhu)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Berkata Al Allamah Asy Syaikh Shalih Al Fauzan Hafidzahullah : &lt;/strong&gt;“  Sungguh Nabi Shalallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam telah melaknat orang yang  makan riba dan memberi&amp;nbsp; riba, dua orang saksinya dan pencatatnya. Riba  dosa yang paling besar setelah dosa syirik “ &lt;strong&gt;( Iaanatul Mustafiid Syarh Kitabut Tauhid : )&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Wahai kaum muslimin itulah diantara  bahaya memakan harta dari hasil riba, cukuplah kalau kita tahu perbuatan  riba adalah perbuatan maksiat kepada Allah segera kita untuk  meninggalkan perbuatan dosa itu karena takut kepada Allah, apalagi  dengan berbagai macam bahaya yang telah disebutkan diatas. &lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Agar kita terhindar dari riba penting bagi kita untuk mengetahui apa itu riba macam dan pembagiannya&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Riba secara bahasa adalah tambahan, dari firman Allah &lt;em&gt;“ Kemudian apabila Kami turunkan air (hujan) diatasnya hiduplah bumi itu dan subur “ (Qs. Alhajj : 5) yaitu tambahan.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Adapun secara syar’i : Tambahan  didalam akad antara sesuatu yang mewajibkan didalamnya kesamaan  (timbangan/takaran –penj) dan adanya tempo didalam akad antara sesuatu  yang wajib didalamnya serah terima ditempat “ &lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;( Al Qaulul Mufiid ala Kitabit Tauhid : 320)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dijelaskan bawasanya riba ada beberapa macam :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Riba Dain (riba dalam hutang) &lt;/strong&gt;Riba  ini disebut juga riba jahiliyah, sebab riba jenis inilah yang dilakukan  pada masa jahiliyah. Dan riba jenis ini ada dua bentuk.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pertama : Penambahan harta sebagai denda dari penambahan tempo. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Misalnya : Si A punya hutang kepada si B  10 juta dengan tempo tiga bulan, saat jatuh tempo si A tidak bisa bayar,  sehingga temponya ditambah dengan menambah hutangnya menjadi 11 juta.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kedua : Pinjaman dengan bunga yang dipersyaratkan di awal akad&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Misalnya : Si A hendak berhutang kepada  si B. maka si B mensyaratkan diawal akadnya (ketika mau hutang) : kamu  saya hutangi 10 juta dengan tempo 3 bulan dengan syarat diganti 11 juta.  Hal ini seperti yang banyak terjadi di bank-bank kovesional.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Riba Nasi’ah (tempo)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Yaitu adanya tempo pada perkara yang  diwajibkan secara syar’i adanya taqabudh (serah terima ditempat). Yaitu  pada barang-barang yang terkena hukum riba. Rasulullah&amp;nbsp; shalallahu  alaihi wasallam&amp;nbsp; bersabda :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;“ Emas dengan emas, perak dengan  perak, bur (suatu jenis gandum -penj) dengan bur, sya’ir (suatu jenis  gandum -penj)&amp;nbsp; dengan sya’ir, kurma dengan kurma, garam dengan garam &lt;strong&gt;harus sama&lt;/strong&gt; (timbangannya), &lt;strong&gt;serah terima ditempat &lt;/strong&gt;(tangan  dengan tangan). Barangsiapa menambah atau meminta tambah maka dia telah  terjatuh kedalam riba, yang mengambil dan yang memberi dalam hal ini  sama “&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(HR. Muslim dari Abu Said Al Khudri Radiyallahu ‘anhu)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Contoh untuk &lt;strong&gt;riba nasi’ah&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Tidak boleh menjual atau menukar (barter)  2kg garam dengan 1kg kurma, secara nasi’ah (tempo), harus serah terima  ditempat. Tapi boleh tafadhul (selisih timbangan) karena berbeda jenis  tidak disyaratkan secara syar’i adanya tamatsul (kesamaan timbangan).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Riba fadhl (tambahan)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Yaitu adanya tafadhul (selisih timbangan) pada dua perkara yang diwajibkan tamatsul (sama) secara syar’i.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Contoh untuk &lt;strong&gt;riba fadhl&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Tidak boleh seseorang menukar 1 kg garam  dengan dengan satu 1 1/2 kg garam, ini namanya riba fadhl. Karena garam  termasuk perkara yang diwajibkan secara syar’i tamatsul (kesamaan  timbangan) maka tidak boleh adanya tafadhul (selisih timbangan)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Itulah penjelasan sederhana dari bahaya  makan dari hasil harta riba dan macam-macam riba, semoga penjelasan ini  bermanfaat untuk kaum muslimin. Semoga Allah menjauhi kita dan kaum  muslimin dari bahaya riba.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;http://tauhiddansyirik.wordpress.com/2010/06/15/648/ &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-8369876189750764082?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/8369876189750764082/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=8369876189750764082' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/8369876189750764082'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/8369876189750764082'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/02/riba-sebuah-dosa-besar-yang-dianggap.html' title='Riba Sebuah Dosa Besar yang Dianggap Ringan'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-5472973245242069672</id><published>2011-02-21T10:59:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-21T10:59:10.517+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PERBUDAKAN OLEH PERBANKAN (RENTENIR ATAU LINTAH DARAT) INTERNASIONAL'/><title type='text'>PERBUDAKAN OLEH PERBANKAN (RENTENIR ATAU LINTAH DARAT) INTERNASIONAL</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 class="entry-title"&gt;PERBUDAKAN OLEH PERBANKAN (RENTENIR ATAU LINTAH DARAT)&amp;nbsp;INTERNASIONAL&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div class="entry-meta"&gt;       &lt;span class="meta-prep meta-prep-author"&gt;Posted on&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="http://islamhariini.wordpress.com/2009/06/19/kita-semua-adalah-budak-perbankan-internasional-lebih-cepat-lebih-baik-kita-tinggalkan-sistem-riba-ini-kita-memang-harus-mandiri-terutama-urusan-keuangan-hari-ini/" rel="bookmark" title="1:27 pm"&gt;&lt;span class="entry-date"&gt;June 19, 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span class="meta-sep"&gt;by&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="author vcard"&gt;&lt;a class="url fn n" href="http://islamhariini.wordpress.com/author/islamhariini/" title="View all posts by Al Faqir"&gt;Al Faqir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://islamhariini.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/uangkertas_riba.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1774" height="359" src="http://islamhariini.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/uangkertas_riba.jpg?w=640&amp;amp;h=359" title="uangkertas_riba" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Penetrasi kredit perbankan (hutang dgn riba atau bunga) atas  hutang individu ataupun negara oleh sistem perbankan, seperti  sewa-menyewa uang, jual-beli saham dan ’kertas berharga’, jual-beli  valas, dan sejenisnya, adalah inti kapitalisme. Kegiatan ekonomi  finansial (ribawi) ini tdk bersentuhan dgn ekonomi riel yg terkait dgn  kebutuhan hidup nyata manusia dan merusak manusia lahir dan batin.  Inilah sistem riba yang ditanamkan dalam masyarakat muslim hari ini,  demokrasi adalah pelayan perbankan.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jadi ketika kita melihat komentar &amp;nbsp;srimulyani (saat itu  menteri keuangan) yang menganggap enteng hutang indonesia saat ini,  sungguh menyedihkan, siapakah orang ini sebenarnya? apakah dia tidak  sadar bahwa rakyatlah yang menanggung hutang ini lewat pajak tak  bertepi, harga naik karena inflasi, kualitas hidup berkurang&amp;nbsp;ketika  selembar kertas memang tidak berharga dijadikan sandaran ukuran, dimana  nilainya dapat dimainkan oleh segelintir orang yang dikenal sebagai  oligarki kapitalis. (baca juga tulisan di website ini berjudul&lt;a href="http://islamhariini.wordpress.com/2007/11/14/pengertian-riba/"&gt; Islam Hari Ini Dan Pengertian Riba&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;span id="more-963"&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Apa yang dipaparkan calon presiden Muhammad Jusuf kalla (saat ini adalah wapres RI 2009) pada acara kadin di TVONE dan &lt;strong&gt;Economic Challenge-METRO TV&lt;/strong&gt;  bahwa kita bangsa indonesia harus mandiri, mengurangi ketergantungan  hutang dan tidak menjadikan hutang sebagai modal, Jusuf Kalla mengatakan  pemimpin negeri ini harus membangun negeri ini tanpa hutang (riba) dan  Jusuf Kalla mengatakan pasar riil suatu pilihan tepat untuk dijalankan  dan di dorong kedepannya. Apa yang dikatakan Jusuf Kalla adalah sebuah  pandangan kedepan yang perlu di mengerti kaum muda negeri ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Perlu diketahui bahwa ekonomi itu bukan ilmu melainkan rumus riba!&lt;/strong&gt;  para ekonom ribawi dan para pakar ekonomi pembela riba akan sangat  sulit keluar dari paradigma sistem ribawi ini, jelas harus kita sadari  bahwa dalam islam dan agama lainnya melarang praktek riba dalam  kehidupan dan tentunya riba menghancurkan sendi perdagangan dan  kehidupan manusia.&lt;br /&gt;Dan jelas Jusuf &amp;nbsp;Kalla &amp;nbsp;mengatakan bahwa kita semua secara bertahap  &amp;nbsp;perlu meninggalkan riba dengan terus mengurangi tingkat suku bunga  menjadi kecil bahkan kalau bisa nihil, sehingga menumbuhkan iklim  perdagangan dan usaha bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat, artinya  tinggalkan riba secara bertahap dalam skala nasional! langkah kongkrit  jusuf kalla ini suatu langkah yang harus didukung dan dimengerti oleh  masyarakat indonesia umumnya dan muslim khususnya. secepatnya kita harus  meninggalkan sistem riba. lebih cepat lebih baik!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kembali ke urusan hutang berbunga, obyektifitas dari sistem  hutang-riba (perbankan lokal dan internasional) adalah mengontrol hutang  individual ataupun negara, kepentingan lebih besar dari rentenir  internasional semacam IMF ataupun World Bank adalah untuk mengontrol  hutang yang dihasilkan dari konflik-konflik itu.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jadi dengan kata lain adalah bahwa nilai sebenarnya dari  hutang-hutang (berbunga) adalah untuk mengontrol (memperbudak) kita  semuanya yaitu pemerintahan, masyarakat, bumi dan air dan apa yang  terkandung di dalamnya, inilah esensi dari industri keuangan yang  disebut bank (menciptakan kredit tanpa batas dan bunga) dan kita sudah  kenal rentenir atau lintah darat internasional semacamI MF, World bank,  IDB, ADB dan lembaga keuangan riba lainnya mereka sama saja, melakukan  riba untuk memperbudak kita semua! tentunya dengan perpanjangan tangan  melalui &amp;nbsp;bank sentral di seluruh negara dan bank lokal disetiap negeri  ini. riba adalah suatu tindak kejahatan disebut dalam al-quran, Allah  menghalalkan perdagangan dan mengharamkan riba!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jelas tujuan dari hutang personal dan nasional adalah untuk  menjadikan kita semua menjadi budak-budak yang patuh dengan sistem riba  yang di intergrasikan dalam demokrasi, seperti yang sudah dikatakan oleh  Shaykh Abdalqadir as-Sufi bahwa demokrasi adalah pelayan perbankan. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Siapapun yang membicarakan keadilan dan kejujuran dalam sistem riba ini adalah omong kosong, &lt;strong&gt;karena  riba tidak perlu kesantunan politik ataupun etika politik, sistem riba  cuman perlu kita taat pada aturan riba mereka (rentenir atau lintah  darat perbankan) yang dilegalkan lewat undang-undang negara, &lt;/strong&gt;sikap  kita sebagai muslim adalah harus memeranginya &amp;nbsp;(meninggalkan)  orang-orang yang mendukung sistem riba ini jika mereka tidak mau  berubah, jika tidak kitalah yang akan diperangi oleh Allah dan rasulNya  (lihat al-quran). Bagaimana cara meninggalkannya silahkan baca juga pada  website ini.&lt;br /&gt;Sebagai bangsa indonesia harus sadar betul bahwa sistem riba ini  tidak akan pernah menciptakan keadilan dan kejujuran karena riba &amp;nbsp;dapat  fitrah manusia lahir dan batin, kita semua dalam kolam yang sama dalam  kehidupan kita khususnya muslim, karena riba marusak dan menghancurkan  sistem hukum dan kearifan lokal, pasar riil, sekolah-pesantren, sarana  umum, sosial masyarakat, alam-kebudayaan dan lainnya, &amp;nbsp;sistem riba  adalah sebuah cara hidup yang dikukuhkan dalam setting demokrasi dan  kapitalisme, dimana segelintir orang (melalui korporasi dan perbankan)  yang memperbudak seluruh manusia melalui selembar kertas yang tidak  berharga. &lt;strong&gt;perbankan adalah predator yang tidak pandang bulu dan tanpa belas kasihan!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kita harus secepatnya meninggalkan riba hari ini dengan mulai  mengembalikan sistem mata uang yang stabil yaitu emas dan perak (islamic  gold dinar and silver dirham), membangun kembali pasar-pasar riil,  mandiri dalam produksi lokal, menjaga sumber alam kita agar tidak di  eksploitasi oleh korporasi internasional yang dibelakangnya adalah  lembaga keuangan riba, memilih pemimpin yang tidak berpihak kepada  sistem riba (kita tidak butuh kesantunan politik yang meyesatkan dan  puritan), mengurangi secara bertahap peran perbankan, mengembalikan  zakat kepada ilmu dan amalnya, mengembalikan fungsi wakaf, mengaktifkan  ulama, qadi dan fuqaha inilah islam hari ini.&lt;br /&gt;masya alalah laquwatta ila billah, hasbuna llah wanimal wakil nimal maula wanimal nasir.&lt;br /&gt;——————————————————————————————-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;catatatan: Diantara manusia dan termasuk yang mengaku islam pun  telah menggunakan hutang-hutang untuk menekan, merendahkan dan  memberlakukan sesamanya dengan tidak adil dikarenakan adanya sifat  serakah, bakhil dan takut miskin dalam dirinya, perilaku ini adalah jauh  dari takwa. Orang semacam ini tidaklah pantas kita jadikan pimpinan  ataupun teman.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://islamhariini.wordpress.com/2009/06/19/kita-semua-adalah-budak-perbankan-internasional-lebih-cepat-lebih-baik-kita-tinggalkan-sistem-riba-ini-kita-memang-harus-mandiri-terutama-urusan-keuangan-hari-ini/&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-5472973245242069672?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/5472973245242069672/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=5472973245242069672' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/5472973245242069672'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/5472973245242069672'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/02/perbudakan-oleh-perbankan-rentenir-atau.html' title='PERBUDAKAN OLEH PERBANKAN (RENTENIR ATAU LINTAH DARAT) INTERNASIONAL'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-7095460418292668880</id><published>2011-02-09T12:45:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-09T12:45:14.693+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='KAFIR HARBI'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='MUSTA’MIN'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='kafir'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AHL ADZ-DZIMMAH'/><title type='text'>KAFIR HARBI, MUSTA’MIN, DAN AHL ADZ-DZIMMAH</title><content type='html'>&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href="http://wisnusudibjo.wordpress.com/2008/07/05/kafir-harbi-musta%e2%80%99min-dan-ahl-adz-dzimmah/" rel="bookmark" title="KAFIR HARBI, MUSTA’MIN, DAN AHL ADZ-DZIMMAH"&gt;KAFIR HARBI, MUSTA’MIN, DAN AHL&amp;nbsp;ADZ-DZIMMAH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="postinfo"&gt; Posted on &lt;span class="postdate"&gt;July 5, 2008&lt;/span&gt; by Wisnu Sudibjo    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Shiddiq al-Jawi, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Pengantar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Redaksi:&lt;br /&gt;Istilah-istilah seperti kafir harbi, musta’min, dan ahl adz-dzimmah adalah termasuk istilah yang&lt;br /&gt;kurang dikenal umat Islam saat ini. Sebab, istilah-istilah itu berkaitan  dengan hukum-hukum jihad dan Khilafah yang memang sudah jauh dari benak  dan pengalaman umat Islam sekarang. Di samping itu, jihad sendiri  merupakan salah satu hukum Islam yang paling banyak terdistorsi,misalnya  jihad secara salah diartikan sebagai &lt;strong&gt;aktivitas &lt;/strong&gt;yang sungguh-sungguh atau sebagai perang melawan hawa nafsu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="more-353"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Apalagi gagasan Khilafah (Daulah Islamiyah), di samping juga mengalami  distorsi dan manipulasi— misalnya ide bahwa Khilafah tak relevan lagi  untuk zaman modern, institusinya sendiri juga tak ada lagi setelah  dihancurkan konspirasi imperialis tahun 1924. Namun demikian,  hukum-hukum jihad dan&lt;br /&gt;Khilafah sesungguhnya tidak berubah hanya karena kelalaian umat Islam  dalam mempelajarinya, atau karena tidak adanya Khilafah sebagai  institusi penerapnya. Mempelajari dan rnenerapkannya tetap wajib secara  syar’i sebagaimana hukum Islam lainnya seperti shalat, zakat, haji, dan  sebagainya.&lt;br /&gt;Dalam konteks jihad dan Khilafah pula, tulisan berikut sekadar ingin  mengingatkan dan memahami kembali istilah kafir harbi, musta’min, dan  ahl- adz-dzimmah sebagaimana yang dijelaskan oleh Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani  dalam kitabnya, Asy-Syakhshiyah al-lslamiyyah, jilid II. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;IstiLah &lt;em&gt;kafir harbi, musta’min, &lt;/em&gt;dan &lt;em&gt;ahl&lt;br /&gt;adz-dzimmah &lt;/em&gt;menjelaskan tentang&lt;br /&gt;macam-macam kaum kafir dalam&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;I &lt;/em&gt;konteks interaksi mereka dengan negara&lt;br /&gt;Khilafah (Darut Islam). Hanya saja, istilah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;musta’min &lt;/em&gt;lebih umum, sebab ía mencakup &lt;em&gt;musta’min &lt;/em&gt;kafir dan &lt;em&gt;musta’min &lt;/em&gt;Muslim. Setiap istilah tersebut mengandung konsekuensi &lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;hukum  dan perlakuan yang berbeda. Sikap umat Islam terhadap kaum kafir  didasarkan pada kategorisasi kaum kafir berdasarkan istilah-istilah  tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kafir harbi &lt;/em&gt;adalah setiap orang kafir yang tidak masuk dalam perjanjian &lt;em&gt;(dzimmah) &lt;/em&gt;dengan kaum Muslim, baik ía seorang &lt;em&gt;mu’ahid &lt;/em&gt;atau &lt;em&gt;musta’min &lt;/em&gt;ataupun bukan &lt;em&gt;mu’ahid &lt;/em&gt;dan bukan &lt;em&gt;musta’min &lt;/em&gt;(An-Nabhani, 1994: 232). &lt;em&gt;Mu’ahid &lt;/em&gt;adalah orang kafir yang menjadi warga negara kafir yang mempunyai perjanjian &lt;em&gt;(mu’ahidah) &lt;/em&gt;dengan negara Khilafah. &lt;em&gt;Musta’min &lt;/em&gt;adalah orang yang masuk ke dalam negara lain dengan izin masuk &lt;em&gt;(al-amân), &lt;/em&gt;baik ía Muslim atau &lt;em&gt;kafir harb &lt;/em&gt;(An-Nabhani, 1994:&lt;br /&gt;234).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kafir harbi, &lt;/em&gt;yang kadang disebut juga dengan &lt;em&gt;ahl al-harb &lt;/em&gt;atau disingkat &lt;em&gt;harb &lt;/em&gt;saja (Haykal, 1996:1411), dikategorikan lagi menjadi &lt;em&gt;kafir &lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;harbi hukman &lt;/em&gt;(kafir  harbi secara hukum/ de jure) dan kafir harbi haqiqatan/kafir harbi  fi’lan (kafir harbi secara nyata/de facto). Kategorisasi ini didasarkan  pada kewarganegaraan orang kafir dengan tempat berdomisili yang tetap.  Jika Khilafah mengadakan perjanjian dengan suatu negara kafir, warga  negaranya disebut kaum &lt;em&gt;mu’ahidin (&lt;/em&gt;An-Nabbani, 1994: 232). Negara mi disebut &lt;em&gt;ad- dawlah al -mu’ähidah &lt;/em&gt;(negara yang mempunyai&lt;br /&gt;perjanjian dengan negara Khilafah). Istilah lain kafir &lt;em&gt;mu ‘ahid, &lt;/em&gt;sebagaimana disebut oleh al-Qayyim dalam kitabnya, A&lt;em&gt;hkam Ahl Adz-Dzimmah,adalah ahl al-hudnah atau ahl ash-shulh &lt;/em&gt;(Ibn al-Qayyim, 1983: 475), atau disebut juga kaum &lt;em&gt;al-muwadi’in &lt;/em&gt;(Hayqal, 1996: 701). Orang yang tergolong &lt;em&gt;mu’âhid ini &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;tergolong &lt;em&gt;kafir harbi hukman. &lt;/em&gt;Sebab hanya berakhirnya perjanjian dengan negara Khilafah, ía akan kembali menjadi &lt;em&gt;kafir harbi &lt;/em&gt;sebagaimana &lt;em&gt;kafir harbi &lt;/em&gt;lainnya &lt;em&gt;(kafir harbi fi’lan), &lt;/em&gt;yang negaranya tidak mengikat perjanjian dengan negara Khilafah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Hubungan umat Islam dengan kafir harbi hukman didasarkan  pada apa yang terkandung dalam teks-teks perjanjian yang ada. Hanya  saja, dalam interaksi ekonomi, umat Islam (baca: Daulah Islamiyah) tidak  boleh menjual senjata atau sarana-sarana militer kepada &lt;em&gt;kafir harbi hukman—jika &lt;/em&gt;hal  ini dapat memperkuat kemampuan militer mereka sedemikian sehingga akan  mampu mengalahkan umat Islam. Jika tidak sampai pada tingkat tersebut,  umat Islam boleh menjual senjata atau alat-alat tempur kepada mereka,  khususnya ketika Daulah Islamiyah mampu memproduksi berbagai  persenjataan militer dan menjualnya ke luar negeri sebagaimana yang  diLakukan o(eh negaranegara adidaya saat ini). Jika dalam perjanjian ada  pasal yang membolehkan penjualan senjata yang dapat memperkuat  kemampuan militer kaum &lt;em&gt;kafir harbi hukman &lt;/em&gt;sehingga mereka mampu  mengalahkan umat Islam, pasal itu tidak boleh dilaksanakan. Sebabnya,  pasal itu bertentangan dengan hukum syariat. Padahal, setiap syarat yang  bertentangan dengan hukum syariat adalah batal dan tidak boleh  dijalankan (An-Nabhani, 1990: 291-292; 1994: 232).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Adapun &lt;em&gt;kafir harbi haqiqatan &lt;/em&gt;adalah warga negara dan negara yang tidak mempunyai perjanjian dengan Daulah Islamiyah. Negaranya disebut &lt;em&gt;ad-dawlah al-kâfirah ál-hárbiyàh &lt;/em&gt;(negara kafir harbi yang memerangi umat Islam). Negara ini dibagi lagi menjadi dua. &lt;em&gt;Pertama, &lt;/em&gt;jika negara tersebut sedang berperang secara nyata dengan umat Islam, ia disebut &lt;em&gt;ad-dawlah al-kafirah al -harbiyah al-muhâribah bi al-fi’li &lt;/em&gt;(negara kafir harbi yang benar-benar sedang memerangi umat Islam secara nyata). &lt;em&gt;Kedua, &lt;/em&gt;jika sebuah negara kafir tidak sedang terlibat perang secara nyata dengan umat Islam, Ia dikategorikan sebagai &lt;em&gt;ad-daw!ah al-kâfirah alharbiyah ghayru al-muharibah bi al-fi’li &lt;/em&gt;(negara kafir harbi yang tidak sedang terlibat perang secara nyata dengan umat Islam) (AnNabbani, 1994: 233).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Perbedaan hukum di antara kedua negara ini adalah, jika  sebuah negara kafir masuk kategori pertama, yakni sedang berperang  secara nyata dengan dengan umat Islam, maka asas interaksinya adalah  interaksi perang; tidak boleh ada perjanjian apa pun dengan negara kafir  seperti ini, misalnya penjanjian politik (seperti hubungan diplomasi),  perjanjian ekonomi (seperti ekspor-impor), dan sebagainya. Perjanjian  hanya boleh ada setelah ada perdamaian &lt;em&gt;(ash-shulh). &lt;/em&gt;Warga  negaranya tidak diberi izin masuk ke dalam negara Khilafah, kecuali jika  dia datang untuk mendengar kalamullah (mempelajari Islam), atau untuk  menjadi &lt;em&gt;dzimmi &lt;/em&gt;dalam naungan negara Khilafah. Jika warga negara  dari negara kafir ini tetap masuk ke negara Khilafah, bukan untuk  mendengar kalamullah, juga bukan untuk menjadi &lt;em&gt;dzimmi, &lt;/em&gt;maka  jiwa dan hartanya halal, yaitu dia boleh dibunuh, atau dijadikan  tawanan, dan hartanya boleh diambil (AnNabhani, 1990: 293). Sebaliknya,  jika termasuk kategori kedua, yaitu tidak sedang berperang dengan umat  Islam, maka negara Khilafah boleh mengadakan perjanjian dengan negara  kafir seperti ini; misalnya perjanjian dagang, perjanjian bertetangga  baik, dan lain-lain. Warga negaranya diberi izin masuk ke negara  Khilafah untuk berdagang, rekreasi, berobat, belajar, dan sebagainya.  Jiwa dan hartanya tidak halal bagi umat Islam. Namun, jika warga negara  tersebut masuk secara liar, yaltu tanpa izin negara Khilafah, maka  hukumnya sama dengan warga negara yang sedang berperang dengan umat  Islam, yakni jiwa dan hartanya halal (An-Nabhani, 1990: 293). Jika warga  negara tersebut masuk dengan izin negara, dia tidak boleh tinggal di  negara Khilafah kecuali dalam jangka waktu tertentu, yaitu di bawah satu  tahun (An-Nabhani, 1994: 233).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Musta’min &lt;/em&gt;adalah orang yang masuk ke negara lain dengan izin masuk &lt;em&gt;(al-aman), &lt;/em&gt;baik Muslim atau kafir harbi (An-Nabhani, 1990: 294; 1994: 234). Jika seorang Muslim masuk ke &lt;em&gt;Darul Harb/Darul Kufur*, &lt;/em&gt;dia tidak boleh mengambil harta kaum kafir dalam &lt;em&gt;Darul Harb &lt;/em&gt;tersebut, misalnya dengan mencuri &lt;em&gt;(as-sariqah) &lt;/em&gt;atau merampas &lt;em&gt;(al-ghashab). &lt;/em&gt;Sebab, seorang Muslim terikat dengan perjanjian yang Ia lakukan (al &lt;em&gt;Muslim ‘indac syurutihim).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Sebagaimana seorang Muslim boleh masuk ke &lt;em&gt;Darul Harb, &lt;/em&gt;seorang &lt;em&gt;kafir harbi &lt;/em&gt;juga boteh masuk ke datam Daulah Islamiyah. Rasulullah saw. telah memberikan jaminan keamanan kepada kaum kafir pada saat &lt;em&gt;Fath Makkah. &lt;/em&gt;Rasulullah saw. bersabda (yang artinya, &lt;em&gt;“Siapa saja yang menutup pintu rumahnya, maka berarti dia aman.” &lt;/em&gt;(HR Muslim).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Namun demikian, jika &lt;em&gt;musta’min &lt;/em&gt;itu seorang &lt;em&gt;kafir harbi &lt;/em&gt;yang masuk ke negeri Islam, dia tidak boleh tinggal di sana selama satu tahun. Jadi, izin masuk &lt;em&gt;(al-aman) &lt;/em&gt;hanya  diberikan— misalnya—untuk satu bulan, dua bulan, atau lebih di bawah  satu tahun. Hal ini karena seorang harbi dibolehkan tinggal di &lt;em&gt;Darul Islam** &lt;/em&gt;tanpa ditarik jizyah. PadahaL, &lt;em&gt;jizyah &lt;/em&gt;dipungut satu tahun sekali. Artinya, maksimal &lt;em&gt;harbi &lt;/em&gt;boleh tinggal tanpa &lt;em&gt;jizyah &lt;/em&gt;selama satu tahun. Jika dia tinggal lebih dari satu tahun, dia diberi pilihan: akan tinggal secara tetap dan membayar &lt;em&gt;jizyah &lt;/em&gt;atau keluar dari &lt;em&gt;Darul Islam. &lt;/em&gt;Jika dia membayar &lt;em&gt;jizyah, &lt;/em&gt;berarti dia menjadi &lt;em&gt;ahl adz-dzimah &lt;/em&gt;atau warga negara Khilafah. Jika dia keluar menjelang akhir tahun, dia tidak wajib membayar jizyah.&lt;br /&gt;Hukum orang &lt;em&gt;musta’min &lt;/em&gt;pada dasarnya sama dengan hukum &lt;em&gt;ahl adz-dzimmah. &lt;/em&gt;Jika dia membutuhkan pertolongan, misalnya jiwanya terancam, negara wajib melindunginya sebagaimana negara melindungi &lt;em&gt;ahl adz-dzimmah. &lt;/em&gt;Jika &lt;em&gt;musta’min &lt;/em&gt;melakukan kejahatan, dia akan dikenai sanksi sebagaimana &lt;em&gt;ahl adz-dzimmah, &lt;/em&gt;kecuali sanksi peminum &lt;em&gt;khamr. &lt;/em&gt;Hal ini karena &lt;em&gt;Darul Islam &lt;/em&gt;adalah  tempat diterapkannya hukum-hukum syariat secara tanpa pandang bulu,  baik terhadap orang islam, ahl al-dzimmah, maupun musta’min  (An-Nabhani,1994:235)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Ahl adz-dzimmah kadang disebut juga kafir &lt;em&gt;dzimmi &lt;/em&gt;atau sering disingkat &lt;em&gt;dzimmi saja.&lt;/em&gt; Asal katanya adalah &lt;em&gt;adz-dzimmah, &lt;/em&gt;yang berarti &lt;em&gt;al- ‘ahd, &lt;/em&gt;bermakna perjanjian. &lt;em&gt;Ahl adz-dzimmah &lt;/em&gt;adalah  setiap orang yang beragama bukan Islam dan menjadi rakyat negara  Khilafah (Daulah Islamiyah). Islam telah menjelaskan banyak hukum  tentang &lt;em&gt;ahl adz-dzimmah &lt;/em&gt;ini. Bahkan di antara ulama ada yang menulis kitab khusus mengenai hukum-hukum Islam yang berkaitan dengan &lt;em&gt;ahl adz-dzimmah. &lt;/em&gt;Misalnya Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyah, yang menulis kitab Ahkam Ahl adz Dzimmah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Di antara hukum-hukum tersebut adalah:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr" style="margin: 5pt 0pt 12pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;1.&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Ahl  adz-dzimmah tidak boleh dipaksa meninggalkan agama mereka guna masuk  Islam. Rasulullah saw. telah menulis surat untuk penduduk Yaman (yang  artinya), &lt;em&gt;“Siapa saja yang beragama Yahudi atau Nashara, dia tidak boleh dipaksa meninggalkannya, dan wajib atasnya jizyah. &lt;/em&gt;(HR Abu Ubaid). Hukum ini juga berlaku untuk kafir pada umumnya, yang nonYahudi dan non-Nashara. Dengan demikian, &lt;em&gt;ahl adz-dzimmah &lt;/em&gt;dibebaskan menganut akidah mereka dan menjalankan ibadah menurut keyakinan mereka. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr" style="margin: 5pt 0pt 12pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;2.&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;AhI adz-dzimmah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;wajib membayar &lt;em&gt;jizyah &lt;/em&gt;kepada negara. &lt;em&gt;Jizyah &lt;/em&gt;dipungut dan &lt;em&gt;ahl dzimmah &lt;/em&gt;yang  laki-laki, balig, dan mampu; tidak diambil dari anak-anak, perempuan,  dan yang tidak mampu. Abu Ubaid meriwayatkan bahwa Umar r.a. pernah  mengirim surat kepada para amir al-Ajnad bahwa &lt;em&gt;jizyah &lt;/em&gt;tidak  diwajibkan atas perempuan, anak-anak, dan orang yang belum balig. Syarat  kemampuan diambil dari firman Allah Swt. dalam surat at-Taubah ayat 29  yang berbunyl &lt;em&gt;‘an yadin &lt;/em&gt;yang bermakna &lt;em&gt;‘an qudratin. &lt;/em&gt;Maksudnya, &lt;em&gt;jizyah &lt;/em&gt;diambil berdasarkan kemampuan. Bahkan, bagi yang tidak mampu, misalnya karena sudah tua atau cacat, bukan saja tidak wajib &lt;em&gt;jizyah, &lt;/em&gt;tetapi ada kewajiban negara (Baitul Mal) untuk membantu mereka. Pada saat pengambilan &lt;em&gt;jizyah, &lt;/em&gt;negara wajib melakukannya secara baik, tidak boleh disertai kekerasan atau penyiksaan. Jizyah tidak boleh diambil dengan cara &lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;menjual alat-alat atau sarana penghidupan ahl dzimmah, misalnya alat-alat pertanian atau binatang ternak mereka.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr" style="margin: 5pt 0pt 12pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Dibolehkan  memakan sembelihan dan menikahi perempuan ahl adz-dzimmah jika mereka  adalah orang-orang Ahlul Kitab, yaitu orang Nashara atau Yahudi. Allah  Swt. Berfirman:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Makanan(sembelihan)  orang-orang yang diberi al-Kitab halal bagimu dan makanan  (sembelihanmu) kamu halal bagi mereka. Demikian pula perempuan-perempuan  yang beriman dan perempuan-perempuan yang menjaga kehormatan dari  orang-orang yang diberi Al-Kitab sebelum kamu. (QS Al-Maidah [5]:5)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Akan tetapi, jika &lt;em&gt;ahl adz-dzimmah &lt;/em&gt;bukan Ahlul Kitab, seperti  orang Majusi, maka sembelihan mereka haram bagi umat Islam. Perempuan  mereka tidak boleh dinikahi oleh lelaki Muslim. Dalam surat RasuL saw.  yang ditujukan kepada kaum Majusi di Hajar, beliau mengatakan, &lt;em&gt;“Hanya saja sembelihan mereka tidak boleh dimakan; perempuan mereka juga tidak boleh dinikahi” &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Sementara  itu, jika Muslimah menikahi laki-laki kafir, maka hukumnya haram, baik  laki-Laki itu Ahlul Kitab atau bukan. Allah Swt. berfirman:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jika kamu telahmengetahui bahwa mereka adalah (benar-benar)  wanita-wanita Mukmin, maka janganlah kamu mengembalikan mereka kepada  (suami-suami mereka) orang-orang kafir. Tidaklah mereka (wanita Mukmin)  halal bagi mereka (lelaki kafir) dan mereka pun (lelaki kafir) tidak  halal bagi mereka (wanita Mukmin). (QS al-Mumtahanah [60]: 10).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr" style="margin: 5pt 0pt 12pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;4.&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Boleh  dilakukan muamalah antara umat Islam dan ahl adz dzimmah dalam berbagai  bentuknya seperti jual-beli, sewa-menyewa (ijarah), syrkah, rahn  (gadai), dan sebagainya. Rasulullah saw. Telah melakukan muamalah dengan  kaum Yahudi di tanah Khaybar, di mana kaum Yahudi itu mendapatkan  separuh dari hasil panen kurmanya. Hanya saja, ketika muamalah ini  dilaksanakan, hanya hukum-hukum Islam semata yang wajib diterapkan;  tidak boleh selain hukum-hukum Islam (an-Nabhani, 1994:237-240)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr" style="margin: 5pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Demikianlah sekilas hukum-hukum &lt;em&gt;ahl adz-dzimmah &lt;/em&gt;yang  menjadi rakyat Daulah Islamiyah. Mereka mendapatkan hak sebagaimana  rakyat lainnya yang Muslim. Mereka mendapatkan hak untuk dilindungi,  dijamin penghidupannya, dan diperlakukan secara baik dalam segala bentuk  muamalah. Kedudukan mereka sama di hadapan penguasa dan hakim. Tidak  boleh ada diskriminasi apa pun yang membedakan mereka dengan rakyat yang  Muslim. Negara Islam wajib berbuat adil kepada mereka sebagaimana  berbuat adil kepada rakyatnya yang Muslim. &lt;em&gt;Wallahu a ‘lam bi ash-shawâb.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr" style="margin: 5pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://wisnusudibjo.wordpress.com/2008/07/05/kafir-harbi-musta%E2%80%99min-dan-ahl-adz-dzimmah/ &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-7095460418292668880?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/7095460418292668880/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=7095460418292668880' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/7095460418292668880'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/7095460418292668880'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/02/kafir-harbi-mustamin-dan-ahl-adz.html' title='KAFIR HARBI, MUSTA’MIN, DAN AHL ADZ-DZIMMAH'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-8257207205661918858</id><published>2011-02-06T20:34:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-06T20:34:45.230+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='imam nawawi'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='An-Nawawi'/><title type='text'>An-Nawawi / Imam Nawawi</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading"&gt;An-Nawawi&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div id="siteSub"&gt;Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="siteSub"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Al-Imam al-Allamah Abu Zakaria Muhyuddin bin Syaraf an-Nawawi ad-Dimasyqi&lt;/b&gt; (الإمام العلامة أبو زكريا محيي الدين بن شرف النووي الدمشقي), atau lebih dikenal sebagai &lt;b&gt;Imam Nawawi&lt;/b&gt;, adalah salah seorang ulama besar mazhab Syafi'i. Ia lahir di desa &lt;b&gt;Nawa&lt;/b&gt;, dekat kota &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus"&gt;Damaskus&lt;/a&gt;, pada tahun &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1233" title="1233"&gt;1233&lt;/a&gt; dan wafat pada tahun &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1278" title="1278"&gt;1278&lt;/a&gt;. Kedua tempat tersebut kemudian menjadi nisbat nama beliau, &lt;b&gt;an-Nawawi ad-Dimasyqi&lt;/b&gt;. Ia adalah seorang pemikir muslim di bidang &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiqih" title="Fiqih"&gt;fiqih&lt;/a&gt; dan &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadits" title="Hadits"&gt;hadits&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Imam Nawawi pindah ke Damaskus pada tahun 649 H dan tinggal di  distrik Rawahibiyah. Di tempat ini beliau belajar dan sanggup menghafal  kitab at-Tanbih hanya dalam waktu empat setengah bulan. Kemudian beliau  menghafal kitab al-Muhadzdzabb pada bulan-bulan yang tersisa dari tahun  tersebut, dibawah bimbingan Syaikh Kamal Ibnu Ahmad.&lt;br /&gt;Semasa hidupnya beliau selalu menyibukkan diri dengan menuntut ilmu,  menulis kitab, menyebarkan ilmu, ibadah, wirid, puasa, dzikir, sabar  atas terpaan badai kehidupan. Pakaian beliau adalah kain kasar,  sementara serban beliau berwarna hitam dan berukuran kecil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table class="toc" id="toc"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;div id="toctitle"&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Daftar isi&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span class="toctoggle"&gt;[&lt;a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nawawi#" id="togglelink"&gt;sembunyikan&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nawawi#Guru-guru_Imam_Nawawi"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Guru-guru Imam Nawawi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nawawi#Murid-murid_Imam_Nawawi"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Murid-murid Imam Nawawi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nawawi#Karya"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Karya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nawawi#Catatan"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Catatan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=An-Nawawi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Guru-guru Imam Nawawi"&gt;sunting&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Guru-guru_Imam_Nawawi"&gt;Guru-guru Imam Nawawi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Sang Imam belajar pada guru-guru yang amat terkenal seperti &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Aziz_bin_Muhammad_Al-Ashari&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad Al-Ashari (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad Al-Ashari&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zainuddin_bin_Abdud_Daim&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Zainuddin bin Abdud Daim (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Zainuddin bin Abdud Daim&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imaduddin_bin_Abdul_Karim_Al-Harastani&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Imaduddin bin Abdul Karim Al-Harastani (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Imaduddin bin Abdul Karim Al-Harastani&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zainuddin_Abul_Baqa&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Zainuddin Abul Baqa (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Zainuddin Abul Baqa&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalid_bin_Yusuf&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Khalid bin Yusuf (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Khalid bin Yusuf&lt;/a&gt; Al-Maqdisi An-Nabalusi dan &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jamaluddin_Ibn_Ash-Shairafi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Jamaluddin Ibn Ash-Shairafi (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Jamaluddin Ibn Ash-Shairafi&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taqiyuddin_bin_Abul_Yusri&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Taqiyuddin bin Abul Yusri (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Taqiyuddin bin Abul Yusri&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syamsuddin_bin_Abu_Umar&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Syamsuddin bin Abu Umar (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Syamsuddin bin Abu Umar&lt;/a&gt;. Dia belajar &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiqih" title="Fiqih"&gt;fiqih&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadits" title="Hadits"&gt;hadits&lt;/a&gt; (pemahaman hadits) pada asy-Syaikh al-Muhaqqiq &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Ishaq_Ibrahim_bin_Isa&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Isa (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Isa&lt;/a&gt; Al-Muradi Al-Andalusi. Kemudian belajar fiqh pada Al-Kamal &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ishaq_bin_Ahmad_bin_usman&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Ishaq bin Ahmad bin usman (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Ishaq bin Ahmad bin usman&lt;/a&gt; Al-Maghribi Al-Maqdisi, &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syamsuddin_Abdurrahman_bin_Nuh&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Syamsuddin Abdurrahman bin Nuh (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Syamsuddin Abdurrahman bin Nuh&lt;/a&gt; dan &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izzuddin_Al-Arbili&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Izzuddin Al-Arbili (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Izzuddin Al-Arbili&lt;/a&gt; serta guru-guru lainnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=An-Nawawi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Murid-murid Imam Nawawi"&gt;sunting&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Murid-murid_Imam_Nawawi"&gt;Murid-murid Imam Nawawi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Tidak sedikit ulama yang datang untuk belajar ke Iman Nawawi. Diantara mereka adalah al-Khatib &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadruddin_Sulaiman_al-Ja%E2%80%99fari&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Shadruddin Sulaiman al-Ja’fari (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Shadruddin Sulaiman al-Ja’fari&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syihabuddin_al-Arbadi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Syihabuddin al-Arbadi (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Syihabuddin al-Arbadi&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shihabuddin_bin_Ja%E2%80%99wan&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Shihabuddin bin Ja’wan (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Shihabuddin bin Ja’wan&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alauddin_al-Athar&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Alauddin al-Athar (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Alauddin al-Athar&lt;/a&gt; dan yang meriwayatkan hadits darinya &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibnu_Abil_Fath&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Ibnu Abil Fath (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Ibnu Abil Fath&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Mazi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Al-Mazi (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;Al-Mazi&lt;/a&gt; dan lainnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=An-Nawawi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Karya"&gt;sunting&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Karya"&gt;Karya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Al-Majmu' Syarh al-Muhadzdzab&lt;/i&gt; (المجموع شرح المهذب), panduan hukum Islam yang lengkap.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Minhaj ath-Thalibin&lt;/i&gt; (منهاج الطالبين وعمدة المفتين في فقه الإمام الشافعي).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Tahdzib al-Asma&lt;/i&gt; (تهذيب الأسماء).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Taqrib al-Taisir&lt;/i&gt; (التقريب والتيسير لمعرفة سنن البشير النذير), pengantar studi &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadits" title="Hadits"&gt;hadits&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Al-Arba'in an-Nawawiyah&lt;/i&gt; (الأربعين النووية), kumpulan 40 -tepatnya 42- &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadits" title="Hadits"&gt;hadits&lt;/a&gt; penting.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nawawi#cite_note-0"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Syarh &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahih_Muslim" title="Shahih Muslim"&gt;Shahih Muslim&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (شرح صحيح مسلم), penjelasan kitab Shahih &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam_Muslim" title="Imam Muslim"&gt;Muslim bin al-Hajjaj&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nawawi#cite_note-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ma Tamas Ilaihi Hajah al-Qari li Shahih al-Bukhari&lt;/i&gt; (ما تمس إليه حاجة القاري لصـحيح البـخاري).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadhus_Shalihin" title="Riyadhus Shalihin"&gt;Riyadhus Shalihin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (رياض الصالحين),&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nawawi#cite_note-2"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; kumpulan &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadits" title="Hadits"&gt;hadits&lt;/a&gt; mengenai etika, sikap dan tingkah laku yang saat ini banyak digunakan di dunia Islam.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Tahrir al-Tanbih&lt;/i&gt; (تحرير التنبيه).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Al-Adzkar&lt;/i&gt; (الأذكار المنتخبة من كلام سيد الأبرار), kumpulan doa Rasulullah.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nawawi#cite_note-3"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;At-Tibyan fi Adab Hamalah al-Quran&lt;/i&gt; (التبيان في آداب حملة القرآن).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Adab al-Fatwa wa al-Mufti wa al-Mustafti&lt;/i&gt; (آداب الفتوى والمفتي والمستفتي).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;At-Tarkhis bi al-Qiyam&lt;/i&gt; (الترخيص بالقيام لذوي الفضل والمزية من أهل الإسلام).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Matn al-Idhah fi al-Manasik&lt;/i&gt; (متن الإيضاح في المناسك), membahas tentang &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji" title="Haji"&gt;haji&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=An-Nawawi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan"&gt;sunting&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Catatan"&gt;Catatan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="references-small"&gt; &lt;ol class="references"&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-0"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nawawi#cite_ref-0"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span lang="ar" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New',monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Arab."&gt;&lt;b&gt;(ar)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; An-Nawawi. &lt;i&gt;Al-Arba'in an-Nawawiyah&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.ibnothaimeen.com/all/eBook-o.shtml" rel="nofollow"&gt;pranala unduhan&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-1"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nawawi#cite_ref-1"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span lang="ar" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New',monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Arab."&gt;&lt;b&gt;(ar)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; -----. &lt;i&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://hadith.al-islam.com/Display/Display.asp?hnum=1&amp;amp;doc=1#Desc1" rel="nofollow"&gt;Syarh Shahih Muslim&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-2"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nawawi#cite_ref-2"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span lang="en" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New',monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Inggris."&gt;&lt;b&gt;(en)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; -----. &lt;i&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://bewley.virtualave.net/riyad.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;Riyad as-Salihin (The Meadows of the Righteous)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-3"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nawawi#cite_ref-3"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span lang="ar" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New',monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Arab."&gt;&lt;b&gt;(ar)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; -----. &lt;i&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.al-eman.com/Islamlib/viewtoc.asp?BID=131" rel="nofollow"&gt;Al-Adzkar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.al-eman.com/booksD/viewtoc.asp?BID=131" rel="nofollow"&gt;pranala unduhan&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.al-eman.com/booksD/DownloadFolder/Al2azkarLelnawawee.exe" rel="nofollow"&gt;unduhan 1.64 MB&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-8257207205661918858?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/8257207205661918858/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=8257207205661918858' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/8257207205661918858'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/8257207205661918858'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/02/nawawi-imam-nawawi.html' title='An-Nawawi / Imam Nawawi'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-6183110635970513900</id><published>2011-02-06T20:14:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-06T20:14:50.689+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ahmadiyah'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Persis Dan Ahmadiyah'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='a hassan'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='persis'/><title type='text'>Persis Dan Ahmadiyah</title><content type='html'>Persis Dan Ahmadiyah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;March 11th, 2008&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;H. Yusuf Badri, M.Ag.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tahun  1930-an, Tuan Hassan melakukan perdebatan dengan tokoh Ahmadiyah  Indonesia ketika itu, Abubakar Ayyub. Sejak awal memang Persis menetang  Ahmadiyah, sebab ajarannya menyeleweng dari ajaran Islam.  Penyelewengannya yang terutama adalah pengakuannya terhadap Murza Gulam  Ahmad sebagai nabi setelah Nabi Muhammad Saw, dan mengaku adanya kitab  suci setelah Al-Quran, yaitu Tadzkirah yang diturunkan kepada Murza  Gulam Ahmad. Inilah penyelewengan yang sangat fatal. Bila mengaku ada  nabi lagi setelah Nabi Muhammad Saw dan ada kitab suci setelah Al-Quran,  kelompok itu jelas keluar dari Islam, tidak termasuk golongan muslim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam  buku “Riwayat Hidup A. Hassan”, H. Tamar Djaja menceritakan debat A.  Hassan dengan tokoh Ahmadiyah itu. Dalam perdebatan itu, A. Hassan  mengemukakan sebuah “hadis” yang dikutif dari kitab Murza, yang  berbunyi: “Di hari Rasulullah Saw meninggal, bumi berteriak, katanya:  “Ya Allah, apakah badanku ini akan Engkau kosongkan daripada diinjak  oleh kaki-kaki nabi sampai hari kiamat?” Maka Allah berfirman kepada  bumi itu: “Aku akan jadikan di atas badanmu manusia yang hatinya seperti  nabi-nabi.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abubakar Ayyub lalu menanyakan tentang riwayat hadis  ini, dan A. Hassan menjawabnya tidak tahu, sambil berkata: “Apakah tuan  suka hadis ini? Bila tuan suka silahkan pakai, bila tidak silahkan  tolak.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abubakar Ayyub menolak “hadis” yang disampaikan oleh A.  Hasan itu, karena tidak jelas siapa periwinya, dari mana diambilnya, dan  di kitab apa tertulisnya. Pengikut Ahmadiyah yang hadir ketika itu  bersorak, merasa bangga dengan tokohnya yang akan menang berdebat dengan  waktu singkat, sebab A. Hassan tidak bisa menerangkan riwayat hadis  yang dibacakannya. Mereka bersorak, dan Ayyub pun merasa dirinya menang.  Namun kemudian A. Hassan mengatakan bahwa hadis itu terdapat di kitab  Mirza, Tuhfah Baghdad, halaman 11. saat itupun pengkit Ahmadiyah diam  seribu bahasa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Giliran A. Hassan yang menyuruh Abubakar Ayyub  agar bertanya kepada nabinya (Mirza) tentang riwayat hadis itu dan dari  mana diambilnya, serta tanyakan pula, bagaimana bumi bisa bicara kepada  manusia, sebab hadis itu bukan hadis nabi, mengingat bumi berteriak  setelah Rasulullah wafat. Jadi, tegas A. Hassan, tentu ada orang lain  yang mendengar omongan bumi, dan jawaban Allah itu pun orang lain yang  mendengar. Siapa dia? Tanyakan kepada “nabi” Mirza.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abubakar Ayub  ketika itu sebetulnya sudah kalah total, tetapi ia masih berkelit  dengan mengatakan bahwa hadis itu, bisa jadi terdapat dalam kitab  “Kanzul Ummi,” masih kitabnya Ahmadiyah, namun ia bahkan melemahkan  dirinya dengan mengaku tidak membawa kitab tersebut, jadi tidak bisa  dilihat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Selanjutnya A. Hassan menegaskan bahwa dengan adanya  “hadis” itu sudah cukup menunjukkan kepalsuan Mirza. Lagi pula, kata A.  Hassan, hadis yang dibawakan oleh Mirza itu dengan jelas menyebutkan  bahwa nabi (setelah Nabi Muhammad) tidak ada lagi. Yang ada hanya  orang-orang yang hatinya seperti nabi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Kalau perkataan yang  begini terang, tuan mau putar-putar lagi, saya minta diadakan juri. Saya  heran, apa sebab Ahmadiyah takut diadakan juri. Juri tidak akan makan  orang!” tegas A. Hassan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dari perdebatan ini jelas bahwa  sebenarnya Abubakar Ayyub tidak memilki hujjah (dalil) yang kuat untuk  membela Mirza Gulam Ahmad sebagai seorang nabi. Meski demikian ia tidak  tunduk dan menjadi pengikuti Islam yang baik. Ia tetap menjadi pengikut  Ahmadiyah. Memang Abubakar Ayyub dikenal sebagai orang yang pandai  memutarbalikkan fakta demi untuk mempertahankan keyakinannya kepada  Ahmadiyah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hal itu terlihat ketika A. Hassan tak menyebut rawi  hadis dan kitab yang memuatnya, keluarlah ejekan dan cemoohan. Namun  kektika A. Hassan menyebutkan bahwa hadis itu tertera di kitab Tuhfah  Baghdad terbitan Punjab Press Sialkot, Muharram 1311 H, Abubakar Ayyub  dan pengikut Mirza lainnya pucat pasi, tetapi mereka tidak berubah  keyakinan, tetap menjadi pengikuti Mirza.&lt;br /&gt;Sedikit tentang Ahmadiyah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ahmadiyah  didirikan oleh Mirza Gulam Ahmad tahun 1989 di Qodyani, India. Mirza  lahir di Qodyani, 13 Pebruari 1835 dan meninggal 26 Mei 1908 di Lahore.  Di kalangan Jemaat Ahmadiyah, Mirza Gulam Ahmad diyakini sebagai Imam  Mahdi, Al-Masih Al-Mau’ud, nabi dan rasul.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sepeninggal Mirza  (1908), kepemimpinan Ahmadiyah dilanjutkan oleh Hadzrat Hafid H. Hakim  Nuruddin selaku khalifah I hingga tahun 1914. selanjutnya secara  berturut-turut dipilih khalifah II, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad  (1914-1965), khalifah III, Hadzrat Hafid Nasir Ahmad (1965-1982), dan  khlaifah IV, Hadzrat Mirza Taher Ahmad (1982- hingga sekarang).  Ahmadiyyah meyakini, jabatan khalifah harus ada hingga hari kiamat, dan  kedudukan kekhalifahan Ahmadiyah berpusat di London, Inggris.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ahmadiyah  masuk ke Indonesia tahun 1922, dibawa oleh seorang mubaligh Ahmadiyah  yang bernama Khawajah Kamaluddin. Dia berhasil menarik beberapa orang  dari Perguruan Sumatra Thawalib, di antaranya Ahmad Nuruddin.  Selanjutnya, Ahmad Nuruddin dan teman-teman mendapat kesempatan  melanjutkan studi di Lahore dan Qadian, dan atas permohonan Ahmad  Nuruddin dan kawan-kawan, seorang mubaligh Ahmadiyah, Maulana Rahmat Ali  diutus ke Indonesia tahun 1925.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Awalnya, jemaat Ahmadiyah di  Indonesia bernama Anjungan Ahmadiyah Qadian Departemen Indonesia,  kemudian diganti menjadi Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia (JAI). Dalam  perkembangannya, Ahmadiyah terbagi dua aliran, yaitu JAI yang berdiri  tahun 1925, dan Gerakan Ahmadiyah Lahore Indonesia (GAI) yang berdiri  tahun 1929. JAI terdaftar sebagai Badan Hukum di Dfepartemen Kehakiman  RI, 13 Maret 1953 dan dimuat dalam Tambahan Berita Negara RI, 31 Maret  1953.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dari sejak awal kemunculannya, Ahmadiyah ditentang oleh  kaum muslimin Indonesia yang mayoritas beraliran Sunni, sebab ajarannya  dinilai menyimpang dari ajaran Islam. Penyelewengannya yang esensial  adalah, penganut Ahmaddiyah mengaku ada nabi dan rasul setelah Nabi  Muhammad Saw, yaitu Mirza Gulam Ahmad; memiliki kitab suci sendiri,  yaitu “Tazkirah” yang kesuciannya diakui sama dengan Al-Quran; serta  mengaku ada tanah suci selan Makkah dan Medinah, yaitu Qadyani, dan  Rabwah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Penyelewengan lainnya adalah wahyu tetap turun sampai  hari kiamat; surga mereka di Qadian (India) dan Rabwah (Pakistan) yang  dikenal dengan nama Bahesti Maqbarah (pekuburan ahli surga), karenanya  “kavling surga” di dua tempat itu dijual kepada masyarakat dengan harga  yang sangat mahal; wanita Ahmadiyah diharamkan menikah dengan laki-laki  di luar Ahmadiyah, tetapi laki-laki Ahmadiyah boleh menikah dengan  wanita bukan Ahmadiyah; tidak boleh bermakmum kepada yang bukan  Ahmadiyah; dan mempunyai sistem penanggalan sendiri, dengan nama bulan:  1. Suluh, 2. Tabligh, 3. Aman, 4. Syahadah, 5. Hijrah, 6. Ikhsan, 7.  Wafa, 8. Zuhur, 9. Tabuk, 10. Ikha, 11. Nubuwah, 12. Fatah. Nama  tahunnya adalah Hijri Syamsyi (HS).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam kitab Tadzkirah, Mirza  Gulam Ahmad menerangkan bahwa ia menerima wahyu dari Tuhan, salah  satunya adalah bahwa Tuhan telah memberi barkah kepadanya. Namun wahyu  yang diterimanya itu dicampur dengan potongan ayat-ayat Al-Quran,  seperti yang tercantum dalam Tadzkirah: 43; Haqiqatul Wahyi: 70, dan  Al-Istifta: 79: “Wahai Ahmad, Allah telah memberi barkah kepadamu. Dan  bukan kamu yang melempar ketika kamu melempar, tetapi Allah-lah yang  melempar (Tuhan) Yang Maha Pemurah, yang telah mengajarkan Al-Quran.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kalimat  pertama: “Wahai Ahmad, Allah telah memberi barkah kepadamu,” adalah  wahyu dari Allah kepada Mirza Gulam Ahmad, sedangkan kalimat kedua, “Dan  bukan kamu yang melempar ketika kamu melempar dan seterusnya …” adalah  terjemahaan firman Allah yang tertera dalam Al-Quran surat Al-Anfal ayat  17. Namun bagian awal dan akhir ayat tersebut tidak ditulis dengan  lengkap. Ratusan ayat Al-Quran lainnya dibajak oleh Mirza Gulam Ahmad  yang diakuinya sebagai wahyu yang diturunkan Allah kepadanya setelah  dicampuri dengan ucapan dia kemudian dihimpun dalam “kitab suci”  Tadzkirah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oleh karena itulah maka Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI)  mengeluarkan fatwa tahun 1980 bahwa Ahmadiyah adalah jamaah di luar  Islam, sesat dan menyesatkan. Fatwa ini ditindaklanjuti dengan hasil  Rapat Kerja Nasional MUI, 4-7 Maret 1984 yang merekomendasikan agar  pihak yang berwenang meninjau kembali Surat Keputusan Departemen  Kehakiman RI No. 13, tanggal 13 Maret 1953, tambahan Berita Negara No.  26, tanggal 31 Maret 53 tentang status badan hukum Ahmadiyah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jauh  sebelumnya, Konferensi organisasi-organisasi Islam sedunia yang  diadakan di Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Rabiul Awwal 1394/1973 antara lain  merekomendasikan bahwa Ahmadiyah adalah suatu sekte yang sangat  menghancurkan, menjadikan Islam sebagai semboyan untuk menutupi maksud  jahatnya. Golongan Ahmadiyah adalah kafir dan keluar dari Islam, sebab  Ahmadayah memikiki kepercayaan bahwa pemimpinnya mengaku nabi, teks  Al-Quran diubah-ubah, dan jihad itu tidak ada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oleh karena itu  organisasi Islam sedunia meminta agar pemerintah-pemerintah Islam  melarang setiap kegiatan pengikut Mirza Gulam Ahmad, dan menganggap  mereka sebagai golongan minoritas non-muslim, serta melarang mereka  untuk jabatan yang sensitif di dalam negara.&lt;br /&gt;Penolakan Kaum Muslimin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Masyarakat  muslim Indonesia umumnya menolak kehadiran dan perkembangan Ahmadiyah  di daerahnya. Kasus penolakan ini bisa dilihat, misalnya, di Sumatra  Timur tahun 1935, Medan (1964), Cianjur (1968), Kuningan (1969), Nusa  Tenggara Barat (1976), Kalimantan Tengah, Sulawesi Selatan, Kalimantan  Barat, Surabaya/Jawa Timur, Parung/Bogor (1981), Riau (1990), Palembang,  Sumatra Barat, Jakarta, termasuk Timor Timur ketika masih bergabung  dengan NKRI. Sikap penolakan itu terus berlanjut dengan intensitas yang  berbeda, tergantung pada tingkat ekslusivitas dan agrivitas kegiatan  Ahmadiyah setempat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Upaya penolakan terhadap Jemaat Ahmadiyah  diwujudkan dalam berbagai bentuk aksi, seperti mengirim surat pernyataan  keberatan dan keresahan akan kehadiran Ahmadiyah kepada Pemerintah  Daerah dan Pusat serta mempublikasikannya dalam berbagai media massa.  Bahkan dengan berdemo, seperti di Parung, Bogor, masyarakat muslim  menentang perkembangan Ahmadiyah dengan mnyegel tempat kegiatan mereka.  Persis mempunyai cara sendiri dalam menolak Ahmadiyah, yaitu dengan cara  berdebat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;dikutip dari &lt;a href="http://persis.or.id/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://persis.or.id&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://ikappim92.forumakers.com/t11-persis-dan-ahmadiyah&lt;br /&gt;=========================================================================&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="post_head"&gt;           &lt;div class="title_meta"&gt;       &lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.muslim-indonesia.com/ahmadiyah-versus-a-hassan.html" title="Ahmadiyah Versus A Hassan"&gt;Ahmadiyah Versus A Hassan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="meta"&gt;Published on 09 September 2008 by &lt;a href="http://blog.muslim-indonesia.com/author/admin/" title="Tulisan oleh admin"&gt;admin&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href="http://blog.muslim-indonesia.com/category/kajian-islam" rel="category tag" title="Lihat seluruh tulisan dalam Kajian Islam"&gt;Kajian Islam&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="comments"&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.muslim-indonesia.com/ahmadiyah-versus-a-hassan.html#comments" title="Comment on this post"&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="bg"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;          &lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gang Kenari, Jakarta Pusat, September 1933&lt;/em&gt;. Sebuah  perdebatan sengit antara A Hassan, tokoh Persatuan Islam (persis) dengan  mubaligh Ahmadiyah yang diwakili oleh Abu Bakar Ayyub dan Maulana  Rahmat Ali HAOJ digelar. Perdebatan ini begltu terkenal dalam sejarah  keberadaan Ahmadiyah di Indonesia. Maklum, ketika itu, organisasi  bentukan imprealis Inggris ini sedang giat¬giatnya menyebarkan  ajarannya. Ada tiga hal penting yang menjadi materi perdebatan, dua  diantaranya adalah soal kenabian Mirza Ghulam Ahmad dan turunnya Isa as  dan Imam Mahdi. &lt;br /&gt;Dalam perdebatan itu, A Hassan yang dikenal piawai dalam berdebat,  mengemukakan sebuah ‘hadits’ yang dikutip dari kitab Mirza, yang  berbunyi: “Di hari Rasulullah saw meninggal, bumi berteriak. Katanya:  “Ya Allah, apakah badanku ini akan Engkau kosongkan daripada diinjak  oleh kaki-kaki nabi sampai hari kiamat?” Maka Allah berfirman kepada  bumi itu: “Aku akan jadikan di atas badanmu (di atas muka bumi, red)  manusia yang hatinya seperti nabi-nabi:’ &lt;br /&gt;Secara spontan, Abu Bakar Ayyub menanyakan kepada A Hassan tentang  riwayat hadits ini. Dengan berpura-pura, A Hassan menjawab “tidak tahu”  sambil mengatakan, “Apakah tuan suka hadits ini? Bila tuan suka silakan  pakai, bila tidak silakan tolak:’ Mendengar jawaban A Hassan yang tidak  mengetahui siapa perawi hadits itu, Abu Bakar Ayyub dan para pengikut  Ahmadiyah yang hadir menyunggingkan senyum dan bersorak kemenangan.  Mereka mengganggap A Hassan sudah kalah karena mengutip ‘hadits’ yang  tak jelas siapa perawinya, diambil dari kitab mana, dan siapa  penulisnya. Karena tak jelas, Abu Bakar Ayyub menolak ‘hadits’ itu. &lt;br /&gt;Setelah sorak sorai ‘kemenangan’ itu reda, A Hassan menyebutkan bahwa  ‘hadits’ itu ada dalam kitab yang ditulis Mirza, yang berjudul Tuhfah  Baghdad halaman 11, terbitan Punjab Press Sialkot, Muharram 1311.  Seketika, Abu Bakar Ayyub dan para pendukungnya tersentak dan pucat  pasi. Selanjutnya, giliran A Hassan tersenyum sambi! menyuruh Abu Bakar  Ayyub bertanya kepada ‘nabinya’ (Mirza Ghulam Ahmad) untuk menanyakan  siapa perawi hadits itu dan dari kitab mana diambilnya. Tanyakan pula,  kata A Hassan, bagaimana bumi bisa bicara kepada manusia, sebab ‘hadits’  itu bukan hadits Nabi, mengingat dalam kitab Mirza itu ditulis, bumi  berteriak setelah Rasulullah wafat. “Tentu ada orang lain yang mendengar  omongan bumi. Siapa dia? Tanyakan kepada ‘nabr Mirza;’ ketus A Hassan.&lt;br /&gt;Meski sudah terdesak, Abu Bakar Ayyub masih berkelit dan mengatakan  bahwa ‘hadits’ itu bisa jadi terdapat dalam Kitab Kanzul Ummi yang juga  milik Ahmadiyah.&lt;br /&gt;Namun sa at itu, Abu Bakar Ayyub mengatakan tidak membawa kitab tersebut, jadi tidak bisa dicek.&lt;br /&gt;A Hassan kemudian menegaskan, dengan adanya perkataan yang ditulis oleh  Mrza Ghulam Ahmad itu sudah cukup menunjukan palsunya kenabian Mirza.  “Kalau perkataan yang begini terang, tuan mau putar-putar lagi, saya  minta diadakan juri. Saya heran, apa sebab Ahmadiyah takut diadakan  juri. Juri tidak akan makan orang!” tegas A Hassan yang meminta diadakan  juri untuk menilai siapa yang salah dan siapa yang benar. &lt;br /&gt;Kisah perdebatan itu ditulis oleh H Tamar Djaya, seorang sejarawan  Muslim dalam buku Riwayat Hidup A Hassan, dan ditulis kembali oleh Yusuf  Badri dalam Persis dan Ahmadiyah. Meski tak ada kesepakatan apapun  setelah debat itu, risalah perdebatan A Hassan versus Ahmadiyah kemudian  dibukukan dan disebarluaskan ke seluruh Indonesia. Pihak Ahmadiyah  memanipulasi sejarah dengan mengatakan, setelah debat itu banyak orang  yang tertarik masuk dalam kelompoknya. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;penulis:Artawjaya &lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diambil dari Majalah &lt;em&gt;Al Mujtama’&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://blog.muslim-indonesia.com/ahmadiyah-versus-a-hassan.html &lt;/em&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-6183110635970513900?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/6183110635970513900/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=6183110635970513900' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/6183110635970513900'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/6183110635970513900'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/02/persis-dan-ahmadiyah.html' title='Persis Dan Ahmadiyah'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-2774542680405124518</id><published>2011-02-06T08:00:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-06T08:00:41.398+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Fall of Suharto'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='suharto'/><title type='text'>Fall of Suharto</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading"&gt;Fall of Suharto&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div id="siteSub"&gt;From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="siteSub"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-image"&gt; &lt;div style="width: 52px;"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg"&gt;&lt;img alt="Question book-new.svg" height="39" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text"&gt;This article &lt;b&gt;needs additional &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"&gt;citations&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"&gt;verification&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Please help &lt;a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit" rel="nofollow"&gt;improve this article&lt;/a&gt; by adding &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources"&gt;reliable references&lt;/a&gt;. Unsourced material may be &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed"&gt;challenged&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"&gt;removed&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;(March 2009)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="mbox-text"&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="mbox-text"&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #aaa; clear: right; float: right; font-size: 90%; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;th style="background: #ccf; font-size: 111%; padding: 0 5px;"&gt;This article is part of the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Indonesia" title="History of Indonesia"&gt;History of Indonesia&lt;/a&gt; series&lt;/th&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:History_of_Indonesia.png"&gt;&lt;img alt="History of Indonesia.png" height="93" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/History_of_Indonesia.png/185px-History_of_Indonesia.png" width="185" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #ececec; padding: 0 5px;"&gt;See also:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Indonesian_history" title="Timeline of Indonesian history"&gt;Timeline of Indonesian History&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Indonesia#Prehistory" title="History of Indonesia"&gt;Prehistory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #ececec; padding: 0 5px;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Early kingdoms&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutai" title="Kutai"&gt;Kutai&lt;/a&gt; (4th century)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarumanagara" title="Tarumanagara"&gt;Tarumanagara&lt;/a&gt; (358–669)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalingga" title="Kalingga"&gt;Kalingga&lt;/a&gt; (6th to 7th century)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya"&gt;Srivijaya&lt;/a&gt; (7th to 13th centuries)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailendra" title="Sailendra"&gt;Sailendra&lt;/a&gt; (8th to 9th centuries)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunda_Kingdom" title="Sunda Kingdom"&gt;Sunda Kingdom&lt;/a&gt; (669–1579)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medang_Kingdom" title="Medang Kingdom"&gt;Medang Kingdom&lt;/a&gt; (752–1045)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kediri_%28historical_kingdom%29" title="Kediri (historical kingdom)"&gt;Kediri&lt;/a&gt; (1045–1221)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singhasari" title="Singhasari"&gt;Singhasari&lt;/a&gt; (1222–1292)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit"&gt;Majapahit&lt;/a&gt; (1293–1500)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #ececec; padding: 0 5px;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The rise of Muslim states&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="The spread of Islam in Indonesia"&gt;The spread of Islam&lt;/a&gt; (1200–1600)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ternate" title="Sultanate of Ternate"&gt;Sultanate of Ternate&lt;/a&gt; (1257–present)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate"&gt;Malacca Sultanate&lt;/a&gt; (1400–1511)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Demak" title="Sultanate of Demak"&gt;Sultanate of Demak&lt;/a&gt; (1475–1548)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate"&gt;Aceh Sultanate&lt;/a&gt; (1496–1903)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Banten" title="Sultanate of Banten"&gt;Sultanate of Banten&lt;/a&gt; (1526–1813)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mataram_Sultanate" title="Mataram Sultanate"&gt;Mataram Sultanate&lt;/a&gt; (1500s–1700s)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #ececec; padding: 0 5px;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;European colonialism&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Portuguese_in_Indonesia_%281512%E2%80%931850%29" title="The Portuguese in Indonesia (1512–1850)"&gt;The Portuguese&lt;/a&gt; (1512–1850)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company_in_Indonesia" title="Dutch East India Company in Indonesia"&gt;Dutch East India Co.&lt;/a&gt; (1602–1800)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies"&gt;Dutch East Indies&lt;/a&gt; (1800–1942)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #ececec; padding: 0 5px;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The emergence of Indonesia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_National_Awakening" title="Indonesian National Awakening"&gt;National awakening&lt;/a&gt; (1899–1942)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Indonesia" title="Japanese occupation of Indonesia"&gt;Japanese occupation&lt;/a&gt; (1942–1945)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution"&gt;National revolution&lt;/a&gt; (1945–1950)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #ececec; padding: 0 5px;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Independent Indonesia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_democracy_period_in_Indonesia" title="Liberal democracy period in Indonesia"&gt;Liberal democracy&lt;/a&gt; (1950–1957)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesia" title="Guided Democracy in Indonesia"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Guided Democracy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (1957–1965)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order"&gt;Start of the &lt;i&gt;New Order&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (1965–1966)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Order_%28Indonesia%29" title="New Order (Indonesia)"&gt;The &lt;i&gt;New Order&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (1966–1998)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td style="background: #fff; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 10px;"&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Suharto_Era" title="Post-Suharto Era"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Reformasi&lt;/i&gt; era&lt;/a&gt; (1998–present)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td align="right"&gt;&lt;span class="noprint plainlinks navbar"&gt;&lt;span style="white-space: nowrap; word-spacing: -.12em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:History_of_Indonesia" title="Template:History of Indonesia"&gt;&lt;span title="View this template"&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;·&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Indonesia" title="Template talk:History of Indonesia"&gt;&lt;span title="Discuss this template"&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;·&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_Indonesia&amp;amp;action=edit" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span title="Edit this template"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto"&gt;Suharto&lt;/a&gt; retired&lt;/b&gt; as president of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"&gt;Indonesia&lt;/a&gt;  in May 1998 following the collapse of support for his three-decade long  presidency. The resignation followed severe economic and political  crises in the previous 6 to 12 months. BJ Habibie continued at least a  year of his remaining presidential years, followed by Abdurrahman Wahid  in 1999. Suharto's resignation also marked the end of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Order_%28Indonesia%29" title="New Order (Indonesia)"&gt;New Order&lt;/a&gt;, a regime that began in 1968.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table class="toc" id="toc"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;div id="toctitle"&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Contents&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span class="toctoggle"&gt;[&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#" id="togglelink"&gt;hide&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#Dissent_under_the_New_Order"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Dissent under the New Order&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#Cracks_emerge"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Cracks emerge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#Monetary_crisis"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Monetary crisis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#Political"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Political&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#Demonstrations_and_riots"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Demonstrations and riots&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#The_Trisakti_incident"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;5.1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;The Trisakti incident&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#Riots_of_May_13-14"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;5.2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Riots of May 13-14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#Alleged_involvement_of_the_military_in_planning_the_riots"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;5.3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Alleged involvement of the military in planning the riots&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#Resignation_of_Suharto"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Resignation of Suharto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#Continued_military_influence"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;6.1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Continued military influence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#The_aftermath"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;The aftermath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#Notes"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;8&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#See_also"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#References"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#Further_reading"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Further reading&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#External_links"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;External links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Dissent under the New Order"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Dissent_under_the_New_Order"&gt;Dissent under the New Order&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Coming to power in 1966 on the heels of an alleged coup by the Indonesian Communist Party, the government of the former general &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto"&gt;Suharto&lt;/a&gt; adopted policies that severely restricted &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties"&gt;civil liberties&lt;/a&gt; and instituted a system of rule that effectively split power within his own &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golkar" title="Golkar"&gt;Golkar&lt;/a&gt; Party and the military.&lt;br /&gt;In 1970, corruption prompted student protests and an investigation by  a government commission. Suharto responded by banning student protest,  forcing the activists underground. Only token prosecution of cases  recommended by the commission was pursued. The pattern of co-opting a  few of his more powerful opponents while criminalizing the rest became a  hallmark of Suharto's rule.&lt;br /&gt;In order to maintain a veneer of democracy, Suharto made a number of  electoral reforms. He stood for election before electoral college votes  every five years, beginning in 1973. According to his electoral rules,  however, only three parties were allowed to participate in the election:  his own &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golkar" title="Golkar"&gt;Golkar&lt;/a&gt; party; the Islamist &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Development_Party" title="United Development Party"&gt;United Development Party&lt;/a&gt; (PPP), and the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_Democratic_Party" title="Indonesian Democratic Party"&gt;Democratic Party of Indonesia&lt;/a&gt;  (PDI). All the previously existing political parties were forced to be  part of either the PPP and PDI, with public servants under pressure to  join the membership of Golkar. In a political compromise with the  powerful military, he banned its members from voting in elections, but  set aside 100 seats in the electoral college for their representatives.  As a result, he won every election in which he stood, in 1978, 1983,  1988, 1993, and 1998.&lt;br /&gt;This authoritarianism became an issue in the 1980s. On 5 May 1980 a group &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petition_of_Fifty" title="Petition of Fifty"&gt;Petition of Fifty&lt;/a&gt;  (Petisi 50) demanded greater political freedoms. It was composed of  former military men, politicians, academics and students. The Indonesian  media suppressed the news and the government placed restrictions on the  signatories. After the group's 1984 accusation that Suharto was  creating a &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state"&gt;one-party state&lt;/a&gt;, some of its leaders were jailed.&lt;br /&gt;In the same decade, it is believed by many scholars that the  Indonesian military split between a nationalist "red and white faction"  and an Islamist "green faction." As the 1980s closed, Suharto is said to  have been forced to shift his alliances from the former to the latter,  leading to the rise of &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jusuf_Habibie" title="Jusuf Habibie"&gt;Jusuf Habibie&lt;/a&gt; in the 1990s.&lt;br /&gt;After the 1990s brought end of the Cold War, Western concern over  communism waned, and Suharto's human rights record came under greater  international scrutiny. In 1991, the murder of East Timorese civilians  in a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dili" title="Dili"&gt;Dili&lt;/a&gt; cemetery, also known as the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dili_Massacre" title="Dili Massacre"&gt;"Santa Cruz Massacre"&lt;/a&gt;,  caused American attention to focus on its military relations with the  Suharto regime and the question of Indonesia's occupation of East Timor.  In 1992, this attention resulted in the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_the_United_States" title="Congress of the United States"&gt;Congress of the United States&lt;/a&gt; passing limitations on &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMET" title="IMET"&gt;IMET&lt;/a&gt; assistance to the Indonesian military, over the objections of President &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W._Bush" title="George H.W. Bush"&gt;George H.W. Bush&lt;/a&gt;. In 1993, under President &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton"&gt;Bill Clinton&lt;/a&gt;, the U.S. delegation to the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Human_Rights_Commission" title="UN Human Rights Commission"&gt;UN Human Rights Commission&lt;/a&gt; helped pass a resolution expressing deep concern over Indonesian human rights violations in East Timor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Cracks emerge"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Cracks_emerge"&gt;Cracks emerge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;In 1996, the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_Democratic_Party" title="Indonesian Democratic Party"&gt;Indonesian Democratic Party&lt;/a&gt;  (PDI), a legal party that had traditionally propped up the regime,  changed direction and began to assert its independence, under &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawati_Sukarnoputri" title="Megawati Sukarnoputri"&gt;Megawati Sukarnoputri&lt;/a&gt;, the daughter of the popular father of the nation, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno"&gt;Sukarno&lt;/a&gt;.  In response, Suharto attempted to foster a split over the leadership of  PDI, backing a co-opted faction loyal to deputy speaker of Parliament &lt;a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suryadi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Suryadi (page does not exist)"&gt;Suryadi&lt;/a&gt; against supporters of "Mega".&lt;br /&gt;After the Suryadi faction announced a party congress to sack Megawati would be held in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medan" title="Medan"&gt;Medan&lt;/a&gt;  June 20 - 22, Megawati proclaimed that her supporters would hold  demonstrations in protest. The Suryadi faction went through with its  sacking of Megawati, and the demonstrations manifested themselves  throughout Indonesia. This led to several confrontations on the streets  between protesters and security forces, and recriminations over the  violence. The protests culminated in the military allowing Megawati's  supporters to take over PDI headquarters in Jakarta, with a pledge of no  further demonstrations.&lt;br /&gt;Suharto allowed the occupation of PDI headquarters to go on for almost a month, as attentions were also on &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta"&gt;Jakarta&lt;/a&gt; due to a set of high-profile &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN"&gt;ASEAN&lt;/a&gt;  meetings scheduled to take place there. Capitalizing on this, Megawati  supporters organized "democracy forums" with several speakers at the  site. On July 26, officers of the military, Suryadi, and Suharto openly  aired their disgust with the forums. (Aspinall 1996)&lt;br /&gt;On July 27, police, soldiers, and persons claiming to be Suryadi  supporters stormed the headquarters. Several Megawati supporters were  killed, and over two-hundred arrested and tried under the  Anti-Subversion and Hate-spreading laws. The day would become known as  "Black Saturday" and mark the beginning of a renewed crackdown by the  New Order government against supporters of democracy, now called the  "Reformasi" or Reformation. (Amnesty International 1996)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Monetary crisis"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Monetary_crisis"&gt;Monetary crisis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="rellink boilerplate seealso"&gt;See also: &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Asian_Financial_Crisis" title="1997 Asian Financial Crisis"&gt;1997 Asian Financial Crisis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="thumb tright"&gt; &lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IDR_USD_exchange_1997-07-02_to_1998-05-21.png"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="216" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/IDR_USD_exchange_1997-07-02_to_1998-05-21.png/300px-IDR_USD_exchange_1997-07-02_to_1998-05-21.png" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;div class="thumbcaption"&gt; &lt;div class="magnify"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IDR_USD_exchange_1997-07-02_to_1998-05-21.png" title="Enlarge"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Indonesia followed Thailand in abandoning the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_exchange_rate" title="Fixed exchange rate"&gt;fixed exchange rate&lt;/a&gt; of its currency on 14 August 1997.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-0"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah"&gt;rupiah&lt;/a&gt; further devalued to its lowest point following the signing of the second IMF letter of intent on 15 January 1998.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;In the second half of 1997, Indonesia became the country hardest hit by the Asian economic crisis. The &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah"&gt;Indonesian rupiah&lt;/a&gt;  dropped to almost 20% of its original value, causing huge debts on  foreign currency and often short-term debt. Weaknesses in the Indonesian  economy, including a high debt, poor financial management systems and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crony_capitalism" title="Crony capitalism"&gt;crony capitalism&lt;/a&gt;,  were identified as underlying causes. Other analysts cited volatility  in the global financial system and over-liberalisation of international  capital markets.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-1"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;2&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The government responded by floating the currency, requesting &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund"&gt;International Monetary Fund&lt;/a&gt;  assistance, closing some banks and postponing some major capital  projects. Evidence suggested that Suharto's family and associates were  being spared the toughest requirements of the reform process. There was  open conflict between economic technocrats implementing IMF plans and  Suharto-related vested interests.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-2"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;3&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In December 1997, Suharto for the first time did not attend an &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN"&gt;ASEAN&lt;/a&gt;  presidents' summit, which was later revealed to be due to a minor  stroke, creating speculation about his health and immediate future of  his presidency. In mid December as the crisis swept through Indonesia  and an estimated $150 bn of capital was being withdrawn from the  country, he appeared at a press conference to assure he was in charge  and to urge people to trust the government and the collapsing Rupiah.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-3"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;4&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suharto's attempts to re-instill confidence, such as ordering  generals to personally reassure shoppers at markets and an "I Love the  Rupiah" campaign, had little effect. The government released a highly  unrealistic budget which sent the Rupiah to below Rp. 10,000 to the US  dollar (compared to Rp. 2,200 six months earlier). The currency  decreased to Rp. 16,500 to the US dollar following Suharto's subsequent  announcement that he would appoint Habibie as the next vice president.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Friend_2003.2C_p._314_4-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-Friend_2003.2C_p._314-4"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;5&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Suharto reluctantly agreed to a far wider reaching IMF package of structural reforms on 15 January 1998.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Friend_2003.2C_p._314_4-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-Friend_2003.2C_p._314-4"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;5&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  However, the Rupiah continued on to drop to a sixth of its pre-crisis  value, and rumours and panic led to a run on stores and pushed up  prices.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-5"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;6&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suharto's position as president remained solid for 30 years so long  as the Indonesia economy grew strongly. When the economic crisis hit in  1997/98, Suharto's performance legitimacy disappeared and once strong  support for Suharto disappeared both domestically and internationally.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-6"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;7&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Political"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Political"&gt;Political&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;As the financial crisis unfolded, opposition leaders such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amien_Rais" title="Amien Rais"&gt;Amien Rais&lt;/a&gt;  became more vocal in their criticism of Suharto and the New Order.  There were rumours of splits in the armed forces, imminent riots and  talk of a bloody crackdown.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Monash_Asia_Institute_1999_7-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-Monash_Asia_Institute_1999-7"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;8&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Demonstrations and riots"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Demonstrations_and_riots"&gt;Demonstrations and riots&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="rellink boilerplate seealso"&gt;See also: &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_riots_of_May_1998" title="Indonesian riots of May 1998"&gt;Indonesian riots of May 1998&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="thumb tright"&gt; &lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="134" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg/250px-Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg" width="250" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;div class="thumbcaption"&gt; &lt;div class="magnify"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg" title="Enlarge"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Shops looted and goods burned on the streets in Jakarta, 14 May 1998.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;In 1997 and 1998 there were riots in various parts of Indonesia.  Sometimes these riots were aimed against the Chinese-Indonesians. Some  riots looked spontaneous and some looked as if they had been planned.  One theory was that pro-Suharto generals were trying to weaken the  forces of democracy by increasing the divisions between the orthodox and  the non-orthodox Muslims, between the Muslims and the Christians and  between the Chinese and the non-Chinese. Another theory was that certain  generals were trying to topple Suharto. &lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-8"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;9&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch"&gt;Human Rights Watch Asia&lt;/a&gt;  reported that in the first five weeks of 1998 there were over two dozen  demonstrations, price riots, bomb threats, and bombings on Java and  that unrest was spreading to other islands.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Friend_2003.2C_p._314_4-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-Friend_2003.2C_p._314-4"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;5&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=6" title="Edit section: The Trisakti incident"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="The_Trisakti_incident"&gt;The Trisakti incident&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;At the start of May 1998, students were holding peaceful  demonstrations on university campuses across the country. They were  protesting against massive price rises for fuel and energy, and they  were demanding that President Suharto should step down.&lt;br /&gt;On May 12, students at Jakarta's &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisakti_University" title="Trisakti University"&gt;Trisakti University&lt;/a&gt;,  many of them the children of the elite, planned to march to parliament  to present the government with their demands for reform. The police  prevented the students from marching. Some time after 5pm, uniformed men  on motorcycles appeared on the flyover which overlooks Trisakti. Shots  rang out. Four students were killed. At &lt;a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semanggi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Semanggi (page does not exist)"&gt;Semanggi&lt;/a&gt; nine students were killed (and four more the next year).&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-9"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;10&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Riots of May 13-14"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Riots_of_May_13-14"&gt;Riots of May 13-14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;On the 13 and 14 May rioting across Jakarta destroyed many commercial centres in Jakarta and over 1,000 died. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian" title="Chinese Indonesian"&gt;Ethnic Chinese&lt;/a&gt; were targeted.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Monash_Asia_Institute_1999_7-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-Monash_Asia_Institute_1999-7"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;8&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The riots were allegedly instigated by Indonesian military members who  were out of uniform. Homes were attacked and women were raped by gangs  of men who wore ordinary clothing. The &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_State_Department" title="US State Department"&gt;US State Department&lt;/a&gt;  and many human rights groups have strongly argued that the Indonesian  military and police participated and incited the rioting and violence  against Sino-Indonesians.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-10"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;11&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over 1,000 and as many as 5,000 people died during these riots in Jakarta and other cities such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surakarta" title="Surakarta"&gt;Surakarta&lt;/a&gt;.  Many victims died in burning malls and supermarkets but some were shot  or beaten to death. A government minister reported the damage or  destruction of 2,479 shop-houses, 1,026 ordinary houses, 1,604 shops,  383 private offices, 65 bank offices, 45 workshops, 40 shopping malls,  13 markets, and 12 hotels.&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Alleged involvement of the military in planning the riots"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Alleged_involvement_of_the_military_in_planning_the_riots"&gt;Alleged involvement of the military in planning the riots&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-image"&gt; &lt;div style="width: 52px;"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg"&gt;&lt;img alt="Question book-new.svg" height="39" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text"&gt;This section &lt;b&gt;needs additional &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"&gt;citations&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"&gt;verification&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Please help &lt;a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit" rel="nofollow"&gt;improve this article&lt;/a&gt; by adding &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources"&gt;reliable references&lt;/a&gt;. Unsourced material may be &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed"&gt;challenged&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"&gt;removed&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;(March 2009)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Sandyawan_Sumardi" title="Father Sandyawan Sumardi"&gt;Father Sandyawan Sumardi&lt;/a&gt;,  a 40-year-old Jesuit priest and son of a police chief, led an  independent investigation into the events of May 1998. As a member of  the Team of Volunteers for Humanitarian Causes he interviewed people who  had witnessed the alleged involvement of the military in organizing the  riots and rapes.&lt;br /&gt;A security officer alleged that &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopassus" title="Kopassus"&gt;Kopassus&lt;/a&gt;  (special forces) officers had ordered the burning down of a bank; a  taxi driver reported hearing a man in a military helicopter encouraging  people on the ground to carry out looting; shop-owners at a Plaza  claimed that, before the riots, military officers tried to extract  protection money; a teenager claimed he and thousands of others had been  trained as protesters; a street child alleged that Kopassus officers  ordered him and his friends to become rioters; there was a report of  soldiers being dressed up as students and then taking part in rioting;  eyewitnesses spoke of muscular men with short haircuts arriving in  military-style trucks and directing attacks on Chinese homes and  businesses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt; In May 1998, thousands of Indonesian citizens were murdered and  raped... ¶ The Joint Fact Finding Team established to inquire into the  1998 massacres found that there were serious and systematic human rights  violations throughout Jakarta. The Team also found that rioters were  encouraged by the absence of security forces, and that the military had  played a role in the violence. The Team identified particular officials  who should be held to account.¶ The Special Rapporteur on violence  against women... also pointed to evidence suggesting that the riots had  been organized (E/CN.4/1999/68/Add.3, para. 45).&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-11"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;12&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;American Defence Secretary &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Cohen" title="William Cohen"&gt;William Cohen&lt;/a&gt; was in Jakarta in January 1998, where he visited both General &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiranto" title="Wiranto"&gt;Wiranto&lt;/a&gt; and General &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo" title="Prabowo"&gt;Prabowo&lt;/a&gt;. The CIA chief had also been a recent visitor to Jakarta. The CIA and the Pentagon were close to both Prabowo and Wiranto.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Resignation of Suharto"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Resignation_of_Suharto"&gt;Resignation of Suharto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="thumb tright"&gt; &lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Suharto_resigns.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="150" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Suharto_resigns.jpg/250px-Suharto_resigns.jpg" width="250" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;div class="thumbcaption"&gt; &lt;div class="magnify"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Suharto_resigns.jpg" title="Enlarge"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Suharto reads his address of resignation at Merdeka Palace on 21 May  1998, accompanied by Vice President B. J. Habibie, who succeeds him.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Reportedly the military was split. There was said to be a power  struggle between Prabowo and Wiranto. Both generals claimed to be loyal  to Suharto. Some feared factionalism could lead to a civil war. &lt;a class="external autonumber" href="http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/98/0529/cs1.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some of Suharto's former allies deserted him. Wiranto allowed  students to occupy Parliament. Wiranto reported to Suharto on May 20  that Suharto no longer had the support of the army.&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suharto was forced to resign on May 21 and was replaced by &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habibie" title="Habibie"&gt;Habibie&lt;/a&gt;, his Vice President.&lt;br /&gt;In 1998 one of the key generals was Prabowo, son of former Finance  Minister Dr. Sumitro Djojohadikusumo who may have once worked with the  British and the Americans against Sukarno. Prabowo had learned about  terrorism at &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Bragg,_North_Carolina" title="Fort Bragg, North Carolina"&gt;Fort Bragg&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Benning" title="Fort Benning"&gt;Fort Benning&lt;/a&gt; in the US. &lt;a class="external autonumber" href="http://yayasanhak.minihub.org/mot/Prabowo.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; In May 1998, Prabowo was commander of &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrad" title="Kostrad"&gt;Kostrad&lt;/a&gt;, the strategic reserve, the regiment Suharto commanded when he took power in 1965. Prabowo's friend Muchdi ran &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopassus" title="Kopassus"&gt;Kopassus&lt;/a&gt; (special forces) and his friend Sjafrie ran the Jakarta Area Command. &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Wiranto" title="General Wiranto"&gt;General Wiranto&lt;/a&gt;, the overall head of the military, was seen as a rival to Prabowo.&lt;br /&gt;Allegedly, late on the evening on May 21, Prabowo arrived at the  presidential palace and demanded that he be made chief of the armed  forces. Reportedly, Habibie escaped from the palace. On May 22, Prabowo  was sacked as head of Kostrad. Wiranto remained as chief of the armed  forces. Wiranto's troops began removing the students from the parliament  building.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_note-12"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;13&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Continued military influence"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Continued_military_influence"&gt;Continued military influence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;One result of the May riots was that the military appeared to remain  the power behind the throne. During a time of widespread fear, the  military could claim to offer stability, though it was they who had  perhaps helped to orchestrate the disorder. In 2004, General &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susilo_Bambang_Yudhoyono" title="Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono"&gt;Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono&lt;/a&gt;  was elected president. Each of the three presidential tickets in 2009  included a general as candidate for either president or vice president.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=11" title="Edit section: The aftermath"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="The_aftermath"&gt;The aftermath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Not so often reported were the silent departure of families and wealth from the country. The &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigrants" title="Emigrants"&gt;emigrants&lt;/a&gt; were not exclusively of Chinese descents but also include wealthy natives or &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pribumi" title="Pribumi"&gt;pribumis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt;’s  cronies. The immediate destination was Singapore, where some stayed  permanently while others moved on to Australia, USA and Canada. Many of  these families returned when the political situation stabilized a few  years later.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Notes"&gt;Notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="reflist references-small"&gt; &lt;div class="references"&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-0"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-0"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span class="citation news"&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/15/business/indonesia-floats-the-rupiah-and-it-drops-more-than-6.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;"Indonesia Floats the Rupiah, And It Drops More Than 6%"&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times"&gt;The New York Times&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;: p.&amp;nbsp;D6. 15 August 1997&lt;span class="reference-accessdate"&gt;. Retrieved 25 September 2009&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;amp;rft.genre=article&amp;amp;rft.atitle=Indonesia+Floats+the+Rupiah%2C+And+It+Drops+More+Than+6%25&amp;amp;rft.jtitle=%5B%5BThe+New+York+Times%5D%5D&amp;amp;rft.date=15+August+1997&amp;amp;rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3BD6&amp;amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F08%2F15%2Fbusiness%2Findonesia-floats-the-rupiah-and-it-drops-more-than-6.html&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fall_of_Suharto"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-1"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-1"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Monash Asia Institute (1999), p. 1&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-2"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-2"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Monash Asia Institute (1999), p. v.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-3"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-3"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Friend (2003), p. 313.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-Friend_2003.2C_p._314-4"&gt;^ &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-Friend_2003.2C_p._314_4-0"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-Friend_2003.2C_p._314_4-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;b&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-Friend_2003.2C_p._314_4-2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;c&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Friend (2003), p. 314.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-5"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-5"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Friend (2003), p. 314; Monash Asia Institute (1999), p. v&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-6"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-6"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Monash Asia Institute (1999), p. 1.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-Monash_Asia_Institute_1999-7"&gt;^ &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-Monash_Asia_Institute_1999_7-0"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-Monash_Asia_Institute_1999_7-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;b&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Monash Asia Institute (1999), p. viii&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-8"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-8"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.insideindonesia.org/edit50/riots.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;Tinder-box or conspiracy?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-9"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-9"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/TBRL-75NQ2E?OpenDocument" rel="nofollow"&gt;reliefweb.int&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-10"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-10"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/irp/world/indonesia/indonesia-1998.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;fas.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-11"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-11"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://www.ahrchk.net/statements/mainfile.php/2003statement/87/" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.ahrchk.net/statements/mainfile.php/2003statement/87/&lt;/a&gt;  "INDONESIA: Five years after May 1998 rights, those responsible for the  atrocities remain at large," Asian Human Rights Commission statement  April 7 2003&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-12"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto#cite_ref-12"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span class="citation Journal"&gt;Colmey, John (Jun. 24, 2001). &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1101980608-139295,00.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;"Indonesia"&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Time Magazine&lt;/i&gt; (Time, Inc.)&lt;span class="reference-accessdate"&gt;. Retrieved 12 April 2010&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;amp;rft.genre=article&amp;amp;rft.atitle=Indonesia&amp;amp;rft.jtitle=Time+Magazine&amp;amp;rft.aulast=Colmey&amp;amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;amp;rft.au=Colmey%2C%26%2332%3BJohn&amp;amp;rft.date=Jun.+24%2C+2001&amp;amp;rft.pub=Time%2C+Inc.&amp;amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Farchive%2Fpreview%2F0%2C10987%2C1101980608-139295%2C00.html&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fall_of_Suharto"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=13" title="Edit section: See also"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="See_also"&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta_Riots_of_May_1998" title="Jakarta Riots of May 1998"&gt;Jakarta Riots of May 1998&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto"&gt;Prabowo Subianto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiranto" title="Wiranto"&gt;Wiranto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=14" title="Edit section: References"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="References"&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="citation book"&gt;Friend, Theodore (2003). &lt;i&gt;Indonesian Destinies&lt;/i&gt;. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN0-674-01834-6.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;amp;rft.genre=book&amp;amp;rft.btitle=Indonesian+Destinies&amp;amp;rft.aulast=Friend&amp;amp;rft.aufirst=Theodore&amp;amp;rft.au=Friend%2C%26%2332%3BTheodore&amp;amp;rft.date=2003&amp;amp;rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fall_of_Suharto"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading"&gt;Further reading&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Chandra, Siddharth and Douglas Kammen. (2002). "Generating Reforms  and Reforming Generations: Military Politics in Indonesia’s Transition  to Democracy." World Politics, Vol. 55, No. 1.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Dijk, Kees van. 2001. &lt;i&gt;A country in despair. Indonesia between 1997 and 2000&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KITLV" title="KITLV"&gt;KITLV&lt;/a&gt; Press, Leiden, &lt;a class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9067181609"&gt;ISBN 90-6718-160-9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Kammen, Douglas and Siddharth Chandra (1999). A Tour of Duty:  Changing Patterns of Military Politics in Indonesia in the 1990s.  Ithaca, NY: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project Publication No. 75.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_of_Suharto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=16" title="Edit section: External links"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="External_links"&gt;External links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1452246.stm" rel="nofollow"&gt;Megawati&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.insideindonesia.org/edit53/kingsb.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;Hendropriyono&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.indonesia-house.org/archive/mei98/The%20Riot%20Pattern%20in%20Jakarta%20and%20Surroundings%20-%20Beberapa%20Pola%20dalam%20Kerusuhan%20Massa.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;Volunteer Team for Humanity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/98/0626/nat_6_indoriots.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;The Hidden Hand&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-2774542680405124518?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/2774542680405124518/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=2774542680405124518' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/2774542680405124518'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/2774542680405124518'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/02/fall-of-suharto.html' title='Fall of Suharto'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-2621396794536243081</id><published>2011-02-06T07:45:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-06T07:45:39.009+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Occupied Building Parliament'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='step down'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='power and demands for reform'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='suharto'/><title type='text'>Occupied Building Parliament by students in May 1998.</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Pendudukan Gedung DPR/MPR"&gt;Occupied Building Parliament&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="long_text" id="result_box"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Pendudukan Gedung DPR/MPR"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas"&gt;Indonesian From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Perubahan tertunda ditampilkan di halaman iniBelum Diperiksa"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Gedung DPR/MPR RI diduduki oleh mahasiswa pada Mei 1998."&gt;Gedung DPR / MPR RI occupied by students in May 1998. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Pendudukan Gedung DPR/MPR RI adalah peristiwa monumental dalam proses pelengseran Soeharto dari tampuk kekuasaan Presiden dan tuntutan reformasi."&gt;Occupied  House of Representatives / People's Consultative Assembly is a  monumental event in the process pelengseran President Suharto from power  and demands for reform. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Dalam peristiwa ini, ribuan mahasiswa dari berbagai kampus bergabung menduduki gedung DPR/MPR untuk mendesak Soeharto mundur."&gt;In  this incident, thousands of students from various campuses join  occupied the parliament building to demand Suharto's resignation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Pada tanggal 21 Mei 1998, setelah berhari-hari para mahasiswa menduduki gedung DPR/MPR, dan setelah kurang lebih 32 tahun berkuasa, Soeharto mengumumkan berhenti dari jabatan presiden."&gt;On  21 May 1998, after days of students occupied the parliament building,  and after less than 32 years in power, Suharto announced the stop of the  presidency. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Daftar isi"&gt;Table of contents &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="[sembunyikan]"&gt;[Hide] &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="1 Latar Belakang"&gt;1 Background &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="2 Senin, 18 Mei 1998"&gt;2 Monday, May 18, 1998 &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="3 Selasa, 19 Mei 1998"&gt;3 Tuesday, May 19, 1998 &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="4 Rabu, 20 Mei 1998"&gt;4 Wednesday, May 20, 1998 &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="5 Kamis, 21 Mei 1998"&gt;5 Thursday, May 21, 1998 &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="6 Referensi"&gt;6 References &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="[sunting] Latar Belakang"&gt;[Edit] Background &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Setelah peristiwa penembakan mahasiswa Universitas Trisakti pada tanggal 12 Mei 1998, seluruh lapisan masyarakat Indonesia berduka dan marah."&gt;After the shooting incident Trisakti University students on May 12, 1998, all levels of Indonesian society grieving and angry. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Akibatnya, tragedi ini diikuti dengan peristiwa anarkis di Ibukota dan di beberapa kota lainnya pada tanggal 13—14 Mei 1998, yang menimbulkan banyak korban baik jiwa maupun material."&gt;As  a result, this tragedy was followed by an anarchist event in the  Capital and in several other cities on 13-14 May 1998, which caused many  casualties both life and material. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Semua peristiwa tersebut makin meyakinkan mahasiswa untuk menguatkan tuntutan pengunduran Soeharto dari kursi kepresidenan."&gt;All events are increasingly convinced the students to reinforce demands resignation of Suharto from the presidency. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Pilihan aksi yang kemudian dipilih oleh kebanyakan kelompok massa mahasiswa untuk mendorong turunnya Soeharto mengerucut pada aksi pendudukan gedung DPR/MPR."&gt;Choice  of action which is then chosen by most groups of students to encourage  fall of Suharto conical in occupying the parliament building. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="[sunting] Senin, 18 Mei 1998"&gt;[Edit] Monday, May 18, 1998 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Proses pendudukan gedung DPR/MPR RI dimulai dengan komitmen dari kontingen para ketua lembaga formal kemahasiswaan Jakarta yang tergabung di Forum Komunikasi Senat Mahasiswa Jakarta (FKSMJ) untuk bermalam di gedung DPR/MPR RI sampai pimpinan dewan memastikan pengunduran diri Soeharto dari kursi kepresidenan RI."&gt;The  process of occupation of the parliament building RI contingent starts  with commitment from the chairman of formal institutions Jakarta student  who joined the Student Senate Forum Jakarta (FKSMJ) for overnight at  the parliament building until the House leadership to ensure RI  Soeharto's resignation from the presidency of Indonesia. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Terdiri dari lebih kurang 50 orang ketua lembaga kemahasiswaan, kontingen ini menunjuk Henri Basel (Ketua Senat Mahasiswa IKIP Jakarta) sebagai koordinator aksi dan Heru Cokro (Sekretaris Jenderal Badan Perwakilan Mahasiwa UI) sebagai koordinator lapangan."&gt;Consisting  of approximately 50 people student body president, was appointed Henri  contingent Basel (Head Student Senate IKIP Jakarta) as the coordinator  of the action and Heru Clark (Secretary General of the Students  Representative UI) as a field coordinator. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Pada sore hari tanggal 18 Mei 1998, kontingen berhasil menemui pimpinan dewan bersama komponen-komponen aksi lain, dan mendapatkan pernyataan dari ketua DPR/MPR RI saat itu, Harmoko, yang menyerukan pengunduran diri Soeharto."&gt;On  the afternoon of May 18, 1998, contingent managed to meet with the  leadership council together the components of another action, and get a  statement from the chairman of the DPR / MPR RI at the time, Harmoko,  which called for the resignation of Suharto. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Pernyataan ini disambut positif oleh para anggota kontingen tapi bagaimanapun, ketika komponen-komponen aksi lain memutuskan untuk sementara pulang, kontigen memutuskan untuk bermalam sampai Soeharto benar-benar mundur dari kepresidenan sekaligus mempersiapkan kedatangan massa mahasiswa dari kampus masing-masing keesokan harinya."&gt;This  statement was greeted positively by the members of the contingent but  nevertheless, when the components of the action while others decided to  go home, kontigen decided to stay until Suharto is really backed away  from the presidency as well as preparing for the arrival of masses of  students from each campus the next day. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Menduga proses aksi dan tuntutan akan berjalan lancar setelah seruan dari Harmoko, malah terjadi sedikit kepanikan pada para anggota kontingen ketika pada malam harinya Jenderal Wiranto (Menhankam dan Pangab saat itu) menyatakan bahwa seruan Harmoko tidak konstitusional."&gt;Predicting  the process of action and demands will run smoothly after the call from  Harmoko, instead there was a slight panic on contingent members when in  the evening, General Wiranto (Minister of Defense and Armed Forces  Commander at the time) stating that the appeal Harmoko unconstitutional.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Kepanikan ini makin menjadi-jadi ketika di saat-saat berikutnya kontingen terus menerus mendapat informasi bahwa gedung DPR/MPR RI akan diserbu dan dikosongkan tentara."&gt;The  panic is increasingly be-so when the next moment contingent constantly  being informed that the parliament building and vacated RI will be  overrun army. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Sempat terjadi perbedaan pendapat di antara anggota kontingen, antara memutuskan pulang atau tetap bermalam, walau kemudian komitmen akhir seluruh kontingen adalah tetap bermalam, apapun yang terjadi."&gt;Had  been a difference of opinion among members of the contingent, between  deciding to go home or stay overnight, although then the final  commitment of the entire contingent is to stay overnight, whatever  happens. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="[sunting] Selasa, 19 Mei 1998"&gt;[Edit] Tuesday, May 19, 1998 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Mulai pagi, secara bergelombang, berdatangan ribuan massa mahasiswa dari kampus-kampus yang para ketuanya telah terlebih dahulu bermalam di gedung DPR/MPR RI di hari sebelumnya."&gt;Start  the morning, in waves, coming in mass thousands of students from the  campuses of the chairperson to have been first night in the parliament  building on the previous day RI. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Sampai saat itu, sebagai koordinator lapangan yang ditunjuk, Heru Cokro bertugas untuk mengkoordinir seluruh massa yang hadir dari masing-masing kampus agar sesuai arahan kolektif dari kontingen FKSMJ dan koordinator aksi (Henri Basel)."&gt;Until  then, as the field coordinator is appointed, Heru Clark in charge of  coordinating all the present mass of each campus to match the collective  direction of contingent FKSMJ and coordinator of the action (Henri  Basel). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Tapi dalam prosesnya, ternyata banyak massa mahasiswa yang berdatangan bukan merupakan konstituen dari FKSMJ."&gt;But in the process, there are many students who come the mass is not a constituent of FKSMJ. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Massa ini juga menolak beraksi di bawah bendera dan arahan kolektif FKSMJ, yang akhirnya berujung pada kecurigaan antar kelompok massa, kekacauan koordinasi dan praktis tidak adanya kerjasama aksi antara satu kelompok dengan kelompok massa lainnya di lapangan."&gt;Massa  is also refusing to act under the direction of the flag and collective  FKSMJ, which eventually led to the suspicion among the mass group,  coordination disorder and lack of practical cooperation between one  group actions with other mass groups in the field. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Kekacauan pun bertambah parah bersamaan dengan kedatangan massa dari Pemuda Pancasila (PP) yang dipimpin oleh Yapto dan Yorrys Raweyai, yang diasumsikan akan menolak usaha penuntutan pengunduran diri Soeharto."&gt;The  chaos was getting worse along with the mass arrival of Pemuda Pancasila  (PP) led by Yapto and Yorrys Raweyai, which is assumed to reject the  resignation of Suharto's prosecution efforts. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Tidak adanya koordinasi di antara kelompok massa mahasiswa dan besarnya kecurigaan antar kelompok, nyaris saja mengakibatkan bentrokan tidak perlu di antara kedua kelompok massa tersebut."&gt;The  lack of coordination among groups of students and the amount of  suspicion between groups, nearly resulting in unnecessary clash between  the two groups of these masses. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Dalam usaha menghindari konflik, Heru berhasil menemui Yapto dan kemudian melakukan rapat darurat dengan koordinator lapangan massa PP, yang akhirnya menyepakati garis batas massa kelompok PP serta sebuah komitmen untuk menghindari bentrokan."&gt;In  an effort to avoid conflict, Heru successfully meet Yapto and then  perform an emergency meeting with PP mass field coordinator, who finally  agreed on the boundary line mass PP group and a commitment to avoid  clashes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Massa PP tetap pada garis batas yang ditentukan sampai kepulangan mereka."&gt;PP mass fixed at a specified boundary line until their return. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Kekacauan luar biasa yang terjadi di lapangan coba dikelola dengan rapat koordinasi lapangan secara rally (semua koordinator massa yang teridentifikasi harus hadir setiap 1 jam di tempat yang ditentukan), sampai akhirnya bisa diselesaikan dengan penyusunan mekanisme aksi yang unik dimana seluruh kelompok massa (FKSMJ ataupun non"&gt;Unbelievable  chaos in the field to try to run with the rally field coordination  meetings (all of the identified coordinator must attend mass every 1  hour in a place that is determined), until eventually be solved by the  preparation of a unique mechanism of action in which all groups of mass  (or non-FKSMJ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="FKSMJ) dikelola dalam struktur operasi aksi tanpa berafiliasi pada kelompok tertentu, dimana struktur ini kemudian menunjuk Heru Cokro sebagai Koordinator Jenderal."&gt;FKSMJ)  are managed within the operating structure of the action without  affiliation to a particular group, in which the structure was later  appointed as the Coordinator-General Heru Clark. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Di lain sisi, arahan dan kebijakan kolektif para ketua lembaga di FKSMJ tetap akan diakomodasi lewat Heru, tapi tetap dengan persetujuan anggota struktur operasi aksi yang baru (yang berasal dari koordinator-koordinator aksi dari masing-masing kelompok massa)."&gt;On  the other hand, collective policy direction and the head of the  institution in FKSMJ still be accommodated by Heru, but still with the  approval of the operating structure of the new action (which is derived  from the action coordinators from each group masses.) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Menjelang Maghrib, setelah struktur aksi yang baru berhasil mengontrol instalasi Car Call (satu-satunya alat komunikasi yang mampu mencapai semua orang di gedung DPR/MPR RI) yang sebelumnya dikuasai bergantian oleh kelompok-kelompok massa yang ada, Heru berhasil memimpin massa dari semua kelompok"&gt;By  the Maghrib, after newly successful action structure control  installation Car Call (the only means of communication that can reach  everyone in the building DPR / MPR RI) previously controlled alternately  by mass groups that exist, Heru successfully lead the masses of all  groups &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="massa untuk bersama-sama melakukan Yell Reformasi, dimana untuk pertama kalinya seluruh kelompok massa akhirnya terikat dalam sebuah aksi secara bersama-sama, yang berlanjut sampai akhir aksi."&gt;mass  to jointly conduct Yell Reform, where for the first time the entire  group eventually tied in a mass action together, which continued until  the end of the action. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Malam harinya, dalam rapat koordinasi struktur, terdengar kabar bahwa besok akan ada demonstrasi akbar di Lapangan Monas yang dipimpin oleh Amien Rais."&gt;In  the evening, in the coordination meeting structure, sounding news that  tomorrow there will be a grand demonstration on Monument Square, led by  Amien Rais. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Rapat pun memanas dengan desakan agar seluruh massa segera menggabungkan diri dengan demonstrasi tersebut."&gt;The meeting was heated with pressure for the entire mob to join the demonstration. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Tapi perdebatan pun berhasil diakhiri dengan komitmen untuk tetap di gedung DPR/MPR RI dengan argumen bila terjadi apa-apa dengan rencana demonstrasi yang relatif riskan tersebut, akumulasi massa di gedung DPR/MPR RI bisa menjadi pertahanan terakhir dalam menjaga momentum reformasi ini."&gt;But  the debate was successfully ended with a commitment to remain at the  parliament building RI with arguments if anything happens with a  relatively risky demonstration plan, the accumulated mass at the  parliament building RI could be the last defense in maintaining the  momentum of this reform. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Rapat koordinasi ini pun berhasil menyepakati mekanisme dan kontribusi masing-masing kelompok massa dalam langkah pengamanan aksi dan prosedur pengungsian massa bila terjadi penyerbuan."&gt;This  coordination meeting also managed to agree on mechanisms and  contribution of each mass group in action security measures and  procedures for mass evacuation in case of invasion. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Rapat pun menyepakati sebuah langkah keras untuk melakukan prosesi sidang rakyat yang diformat seolah-olah sebagai parlemen alternatif, dengan menggunakan ruang sidang paripurna DPR/MPR RI sebagai tempat sidang."&gt;The  meeting also agreed on a hard step to make the hearing public  procession that is formatted as if as an alternative parliament, using  the space plenary session of DPR / MPR RI as a venue. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Mulanya, ruang sidang paripurna diusulkan untuk didobrak tanpa persetujuan sekretariat atau pimpinan DPR/MPR RI."&gt;Initially,  the space proposed for the plenary session crashed without the consent  or head of the secretariat of the DPR / MPR RI. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Tapi kemudian, dengan niat menghindarkan aksi dari citra anarkis, rapat koordinasi menyepakati bahwa usaha penggunaan ruang sidang paripurna akan dimulai dengan koordinasi damai antara koordinator jenderal dengan sekretariat DPR/MPR RI."&gt;But  then, with the intention of avoiding the action of the image of an  anarchist, a coordination meeting agreed that the business use of space  plenary session will begin with peace between the coordinator-general  coordination with the secretariats of the DPR / MPR RI. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Dan bila ditolak, baru kemudian dilakukan usaha pendobrakan secara paksa terhadap ruang sidang."&gt;And when rejected, then an attempt is made to forcibly break the courtroom. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Bagaimanapun, malam tanggal 19 Mei 1998 berakhir tenang, walau sempat terjadi sedikit kekacauan ketika mendadak ada teriakan penyerbuan (menandakan tentara menyerbu) yang sempat menggegerkan seluruh massa yang ada di gedung DPR/MPR RI (massa sempat berlari tunggang-langgang kesana kemari), sebelum"&gt;However,  the night of May 19, 1998 ended quietly, despite a little confusion  could occur when there is a sudden cry of invasion (implying the army  raided) that could stir the whole mass is in the House of  Representatives / People's Consultative Assembly (the mass was running  helter-skelter to and fro), before &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="akhirnya ditenangkan dengan penjelasan bahwa teriakan tersebut merupakan informasi yang salah."&gt;finally appeased by the explanation that the cry is the wrong information. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="[sunting] Rabu, 20 Mei 1998"&gt;[Edit] Wednesday, May 20, 1998 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Sebagaimana amanat rapat di malam sebelumnya, Heru bersama Ahmad (salah satu tim aksi) pun menemui personil sekretariat DPR/MPR RI."&gt;As  the mandate of meeting the night before, Heru with Ahmad (one of the  action team) personnel of the secretariat also met the DPR / MPR RI. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Tidak berani memutuskan untuk memberi ijin penggunaan ruang sidang paripurna, personil sekretariat ini pun mengantarkan Heru dan tim untuk menemui Syarwan Hamid, Wakil Ketua DPR/MPR RI saat itu."&gt;Not  daring to decide to approve the use of space plenary session, the  secretariat is also to deliver personnel and teams to meet Heru Syarwan  Hamid, Vice Chairman of the DPR / MPR RI at the time. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Ketika mendengar rencana prosesi itu, Syarwan Hamid hanya berkomentar bahwa sebaiknya prosesi itu ditunda karena hari itu (20 Mei 1998), Soeharto akan segera mengumumkan pengunduran dirinya."&gt;Upon  hearing the plan procession, Syarwan Hamid only commented that the  procession should be postponed because that day (May 20, 1998), Suharto  would soon announce his resignation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Kaget mendengar berita tersebut, akhirnya diputuskan bahwa untuk sementara waktu prosesi ditunda sambil menunggu kebenaran informasi tersebut."&gt;Shocked at the news, it was decided that for a while the procession was delayed while waiting for the truth of the information. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Pada tanggal 20 Mei tersebut, aksi berjalan meriah."&gt;On May 20, the action runs festive. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Banyak tokoh nasional yang hadir di gedung DPR/MPR RI dan bergiliran memberikan orasi ke massa."&gt;Many national figures who were present at the parliament building RI and take turns giving speeches to the masses. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Kesemarakan ini pun makin besar, apalagi setelah dipastikan, demonstrasi di lapangan Monas dibatalkan."&gt;This splendor was the greater, especially after confirmed, the demonstration in the field Monas canceled. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Di saat yang sama, koordinasi kembali kacau."&gt;At the same time, coordination re-chaotic. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Sebagai contoh, sekelompok mahasiswa tanpa koordinasi merobek-robek kertas (disinyalemen kertas tersebut arsip sekretariat DPR/MPR RI) dan melemparkannya ke arah massa."&gt;For  example, a group of students without coordination shredding paper  (paper disinyalemen secretariat archives DPR / MPR RI) and threw it  toward the masses. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Sementara, di lain sisi, ratusan mahasiswa mulai duduk-duduk dan berdiri di atas kubah gedung paripurna DPR/MPR RI."&gt;Meanwhile, on the other hand, hundreds of students began to sit and stand on top of the dome building plenary DPR / MPR RI. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Beberapa wartawan sempat memperingatkan stuktur kubah yang rapuh, dan rapat koordinasi pun sebetulnya sempat memutuskan untuk melarang mahasiswa menaiki kubah tersebut."&gt;Some  reporters had warned that fragile dome structure, and coordination  meetings were actually had decided to ban the students climbed the dome.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Tapi, setelah mencoba memperingatkan mahasiswa-mahasiswa yang ada di atas kubah tanpa hasil, akhirnya diputuskan membiarkan penggunaan kubah dengan menunjuk penanggung jawab yang menjaga kemungkinan terburuk."&gt;But,  after trying to warn students that is on top of the dome without  success, finally decided to let the use of the dome with a pointed  charge that keeps the worst. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Puncak kekacauan, adalah perebutan diri koordinator jenderal di antara kelompok-kelompok massa yang hadir kemudian."&gt;Top of chaos, is the struggle for self-coordinator-general between mass groups were present then. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Di lain sisi, sampai sore tetap tidak ada tanda-tanda bahwa Soeharto akan mengundurkan diri dari jabatan presiden."&gt;On the other hand, until the afternoon still no signs that Suharto would resign from the presidency. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Akibatnya, rapat koordinasi mempertanyakan kebenaran informasi yang diterima oleh Heru, apalagi untuk alasan itu rencana prosesi sidang rakyat ditunda."&gt;As  a result, the coordination meeting questioned the truth of the  information received by Heru, especially for the reason that people's  hearing postponed plans procession. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Akhirnya diputuskan untuk menunggu sampai besok, bila belum ada tanda-tanda pengunduran diri Soeharto, maka prosesi sidang rakyat dan penggunaan ruang sidang paripurna akan dilaksanakan, dengan cara damai atau paksa."&gt;It  was decided to wait until tomorrow, when there are no signs of  resignation of Suharto, then a procession of people's trial and  courtroom use of the plenary will be held, by peaceful means or  forcibly. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Malam harinya, suasana kembali tenang."&gt;In the evening, the atmosphere relaxed. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Selain sempat diidentifikasi sekelompok prajurit nontentara jaga DPR/MPR RI mengendap-endap dan seorang perwira di kawal 2 prajurit membangunkan para tentara jaga (termasuk komandan pengamanan gedung DPR/MPR RI yang tampak tergopoh-gopoh segera melapor pada perwira ini), pada umumnya malam bisa"&gt;In  addition nontentara had identified a group of soldiers guard the DPR /  MPR RI skulk and an officer on guard two soldiers wake up the guard  troops (including the security commander of the parliament building that  looks RI rushed immediately to report to this officer), in general the  night can &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="berjalan tenang."&gt;walked calmly. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="[sunting] Kamis, 21 Mei 1998"&gt;[Edit] Thursday, May 21, 1998 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Pagi itu, kelihatannya beberapa kelompok massa ada yang sudah pulang, sehingga massa di gedung DPR/MPR RI relatif lebih sedikit."&gt;That  morning, it seems some groups there are masses who had gone home, so  that the mass at the parliament building relatively fewer RI. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Penanggung jawab yang ditunjuk untuk mempersiapkan prosesi sidang rakyat tampak mulai mengumpulkan orang untuk persiapan, sebelum kemudian beberapa wartawan tergopoh-gopoh mengabarkan bahwa akan ada pengumuman penting dari istana negara."&gt;Responsible  person designated to prepare the trial procession began collecting folk  looking for people to prepare, before then some reporters rushed to  proclaim that there will be an important announcement from the state  palace. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Akhirnya, pagi itu Soeharto mengumumkan pengunduran dirinya."&gt;Finally, that morning Soeharto announced his resignation. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="Sesuai komitmen awal FKSMJ saat memulai aksi, maka pengunduran diri Soeharto adalah tanda berakhirnya aksi."&gt;Appropriate initial commitment FKSMJ when starting the action, then Suharto's resignation is a sign of the end of the action. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Oleh karenanya, beberapa saat setelah pengumuman pengunduran diri Soeharto, Heru pun mengumumkan berakhirnya aksi pendudukan gedung DPR/MPR RI sekaligus mengumumkan bahwa aksi pendudukan berubah menjadi pesta rakyat."&gt;Therefore,  some time after the announcement of the resignation of Suharto, Heru  also announced the end of the building occupying the DPR / MPR RI,  announced that the action of the occupation turned into a party of the  people. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Setelah pengumuman pengakhiran aksi, terjadi perdebatan di antara struktur operasi yang dibuat untuk mengawal proses pendudukan ini."&gt;After  the announcement of termination of the action, there was debate within  the operating structure created to oversee the process of this  occupation. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Umumnya anggota struktur merasa bahwa aksi seharusnya belum berakhir, dengan argumen Habibie pengganti Soeharto belum jelas komitmen reformasinya."&gt;Structural  members generally felt that the action should not over, with Suharto's  successor Habibie argument is not clear commitment to reform. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Di ujung perdebatan, Heru menegaskan tidak akan bergabung dalam aksi lanjutan dan mempersilahkan rapat memilih koordinator jenderal baru."&gt;At  the end of the debate, Heru asserted would not join in the action  continued and allowing general meetings to choose a new coordinator. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Akhirnya, rapat memilih Ahmad dari Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad) untuk menjadi koordinator jenderal dan mengubah struktur operasi menjadi sebuah kelompok massa resmi."&gt;Finally,  the meeting chose Ahmad from the University of Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran  University) to be the general coordinator and change the structure of  the operation into a mass group official. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="Malamnya, massa yang tergabung dengan FKSMJ sebagian besar memutuskan pulang."&gt;At night, the masses who joined with majority FKSMJ decided to go home. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="[sunting] Referensi"&gt;[Edit] References &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="(en) New York Times: The Fall of Soeharto"&gt;(En) New York Times: The Fall of Suharto &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="(en) Online NewsHour: Giving Ground -- May 19, 1998"&gt;(En) Online NewsHour: Giving Ground - May 19, 1998 &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="(id) XPOS: Mereka Mendompleng Arus Reformasi"&gt;(Id) XPOS: They mendompleng Flow Reform &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="(id) XPOS: Heru Cokro, Mahasiswa UI: &amp;quot;HABIBIE MESTI MENGUSUT SOEHARTO&amp;quot;"&gt;(Id) XPOS: Heru Clark, UI Student: "HABIBIE must investigate SOEHARTO" &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="(id) XPOS: Teroris di Era Reformasi"&gt;(Id) XPOS: Terrorists in the Era of Reform &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;" title="(id) Indonesia: Gerakan mahasiswa Indonesia 1998 - Sejarah dan Legenda"&gt;(Id), Indonesia: Indonesian student movement of 1998 - History and Legend &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="(id) Gerakan Mahasiswa 1998: Pelopor Reformasi"&gt;(Id) Student Movement 1998: Reform Pioneer&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading"&gt;===================================== &lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading"&gt;Pendudukan Gedung DPR/MPR&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div id="siteSub"&gt;Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="contentSub"&gt;&lt;div class="flaggedrevs_short plainlinks noprint" id="mw-fr-revisiontag"&gt;&lt;img alt="Perubahan tertunda ditampilkan di halaman ini" class="flaggedrevs-icon" src="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/FlaggedRevs/client/img/1.png" title="Perubahan tertunda ditampilkan di halaman ini" /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:Validasi_halaman" title="Bantuan:Validasi halaman"&gt;Belum Diperiksa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="thumb tright"&gt; &lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Gedung_DPR_mei_1998.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="195" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Gedung_DPR_mei_1998.jpg/300px-Gedung_DPR_mei_1998.jpg" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;div class="thumbcaption"&gt; &lt;div class="magnify"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Gedung_DPR_mei_1998.jpg" title="Perbesar"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Gedung DPR/MPR RI diduduki oleh mahasiswa pada Mei 1998.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pendudukan Gedung DPR/MPR RI&lt;/b&gt; adalah peristiwa monumental dalam proses pelengseran &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt;  dari tampuk kekuasaan Presiden dan tuntutan reformasi. Dalam peristiwa  ini, ribuan mahasiswa dari berbagai kampus bergabung menduduki gedung  DPR/MPR untuk mendesak Soeharto mundur.&lt;br /&gt;Pada tanggal &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_Mei" title="21 Mei"&gt;21 Mei&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998" title="1998"&gt;1998&lt;/a&gt;, setelah berhari-hari para mahasiswa menduduki gedung DPR/MPR, dan setelah kurang lebih 32 tahun berkuasa, &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt; mengumumkan berhenti dari jabatan presiden.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table class="toc" id="toc"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;div id="toctitle"&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Daftar isi&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span class="toctoggle"&gt;[&lt;a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendudukan_Gedung_DPR/MPR#" id="togglelink"&gt;sembunyikan&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendudukan_Gedung_DPR/MPR#Latar_Belakang"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Latar Belakang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendudukan_Gedung_DPR/MPR#Senin.2C_18_Mei_1998"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Senin, 18 Mei 1998&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendudukan_Gedung_DPR/MPR#Selasa.2C_19_Mei_1998"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Selasa, 19 Mei 1998&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendudukan_Gedung_DPR/MPR#Rabu.2C_20_Mei_1998"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Rabu, 20 Mei 1998&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendudukan_Gedung_DPR/MPR#Kamis.2C_21_Mei_1998"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Kamis, 21 Mei 1998&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendudukan_Gedung_DPR/MPR#Referensi"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Referensi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pendudukan_Gedung_DPR/MPR&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Latar Belakang"&gt;sunting&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Latar_Belakang"&gt;Latar Belakang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Setelah peristiwa penembakan mahasiswa &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Trisakti" title="Universitas Trisakti"&gt;Universitas Trisakti&lt;/a&gt; pada tanggal &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_Mei" title="12 Mei"&gt;12 Mei&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998" title="1998"&gt;1998&lt;/a&gt;,  seluruh lapisan masyarakat Indonesia berduka dan marah. Akibatnya,  tragedi ini diikuti dengan peristiwa anarkis di Ibukota dan di beberapa  kota lainnya pada tanggal &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/13_Mei" title="13 Mei"&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;—&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/14_Mei" title="14 Mei"&gt;14 Mei&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998" title="1998"&gt;1998&lt;/a&gt;, yang menimbulkan banyak korban baik jiwa maupun material.&lt;br /&gt;Semua peristiwa tersebut makin meyakinkan mahasiswa untuk menguatkan tuntutan pengunduran &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt; dari kursi kepresidenan. Pilihan aksi yang kemudian dipilih oleh kebanyakan kelompok massa mahasiswa untuk mendorong turunnya &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt; mengerucut pada aksi pendudukan gedung DPR/MPR.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pendudukan_Gedung_DPR/MPR&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Senin, 18 Mei 1998"&gt;sunting&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Senin.2C_18_Mei_1998"&gt;Senin, 18 Mei 1998&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Proses pendudukan gedung DPR/MPR RI dimulai dengan komitmen dari  kontingen para ketua lembaga formal kemahasiswaan Jakarta yang tergabung  di Forum Komunikasi Senat Mahasiswa Jakarta (&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKSMJ" title="FKSMJ"&gt;FKSMJ&lt;/a&gt;) untuk bermalam di gedung DPR/MPR RI sampai pimpinan dewan memastikan pengunduran diri &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt; dari kursi kepresidenan RI.&lt;br /&gt;Terdiri dari lebih kurang 50 orang ketua lembaga kemahasiswaan,  kontingen ini menunjuk Henri Basel (Ketua Senat Mahasiswa IKIP Jakarta)  sebagai koordinator aksi dan &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heru_Cokro" title="Heru Cokro"&gt;Heru Cokro&lt;/a&gt; (Sekretaris Jenderal Badan Perwakilan Mahasiwa UI) sebagai koordinator lapangan.&lt;br /&gt;Pada sore hari tanggal &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/18_Mei" title="18 Mei"&gt;18 Mei&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998" title="1998"&gt;1998&lt;/a&gt;,  kontingen berhasil menemui pimpinan dewan bersama komponen-komponen  aksi lain, dan mendapatkan pernyataan dari ketua DPR/MPR RI saat itu,  Harmoko, yang menyerukan pengunduran diri &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt;.  Pernyataan ini disambut positif oleh para anggota kontingen tapi  bagaimanapun, ketika komponen-komponen aksi lain memutuskan untuk  sementara pulang, kontigen memutuskan untuk bermalam sampai &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt;  benar-benar mundur dari kepresidenan sekaligus mempersiapkan kedatangan  massa mahasiswa dari kampus masing-masing keesokan harinya.&lt;br /&gt;Menduga proses aksi dan tuntutan akan berjalan lancar setelah seruan  dari Harmoko, malah terjadi sedikit kepanikan pada para anggota  kontingen ketika pada malam harinya Jenderal Wiranto (Menhankam dan  Pangab saat itu) menyatakan bahwa seruan Harmoko tidak konstitusional.  Kepanikan ini makin menjadi-jadi ketika di saat-saat berikutnya  kontingen terus menerus mendapat informasi bahwa gedung DPR/MPR RI akan  diserbu dan dikosongkan tentara. Sempat terjadi perbedaan pendapat di  antara anggota kontingen, antara memutuskan pulang atau tetap bermalam,  walau kemudian komitmen akhir seluruh kontingen adalah tetap bermalam,  apapun yang terjadi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pendudukan_Gedung_DPR/MPR&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Selasa, 19 Mei 1998"&gt;sunting&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Selasa.2C_19_Mei_1998"&gt;Selasa, 19 Mei 1998&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Mulai pagi, secara bergelombang, berdatangan ribuan massa mahasiswa  dari kampus-kampus yang para ketuanya telah terlebih dahulu bermalam di  gedung DPR/MPR RI di hari sebelumnya. Sampai saat itu, sebagai  koordinator lapangan yang ditunjuk, &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heru_Cokro" title="Heru Cokro"&gt;Heru Cokro&lt;/a&gt; bertugas untuk mengkoordinir seluruh massa yang hadir dari masing-masing kampus agar sesuai arahan kolektif dari kontingen &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKSMJ" title="FKSMJ"&gt;FKSMJ&lt;/a&gt; dan koordinator aksi (Henri Basel).&lt;br /&gt;Tapi dalam prosesnya, ternyata banyak massa mahasiswa yang berdatangan bukan merupakan konstituen dari &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKSMJ" title="FKSMJ"&gt;FKSMJ&lt;/a&gt;. Massa ini juga menolak beraksi di bawah bendera dan arahan kolektif &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKSMJ" title="FKSMJ"&gt;FKSMJ&lt;/a&gt;,  yang akhirnya berujung pada kecurigaan antar kelompok massa, kekacauan  koordinasi dan praktis tidak adanya kerjasama aksi antara satu kelompok  dengan kelompok massa lainnya di lapangan.&lt;br /&gt;Kekacauan pun bertambah parah bersamaan dengan kedatangan massa dari  Pemuda Pancasila (PP) yang dipimpin oleh Yapto dan Yorrys Raweyai, yang  diasumsikan akan menolak usaha penuntutan pengunduran diri &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt;.  Tidak adanya koordinasi di antara kelompok massa mahasiswa dan besarnya  kecurigaan antar kelompok, nyaris saja mengakibatkan bentrokan tidak  perlu di antara kedua kelompok massa tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;Dalam usaha menghindari konflik, &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heru_Cokro" title="Heru Cokro"&gt;Heru&lt;/a&gt;  berhasil menemui Yapto dan kemudian melakukan rapat darurat dengan  koordinator lapangan massa PP, yang akhirnya menyepakati garis batas  massa kelompok PP serta sebuah komitmen untuk menghindari bentrokan.  Massa PP tetap pada garis batas yang ditentukan sampai kepulangan  mereka.&lt;br /&gt;Kekacauan luar biasa yang terjadi di lapangan coba dikelola dengan rapat koordinasi lapangan secara &lt;i&gt;rally&lt;/i&gt;  (semua koordinator massa yang teridentifikasi harus hadir setiap 1 jam  di tempat yang ditentukan), sampai akhirnya bisa diselesaikan dengan  penyusunan mekanisme aksi yang unik dimana seluruh kelompok massa (&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKSMJ" title="FKSMJ"&gt;FKSMJ&lt;/a&gt; ataupun non &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKSMJ" title="FKSMJ"&gt;FKSMJ&lt;/a&gt;) dikelola dalam struktur operasi aksi tanpa berafiliasi pada kelompok tertentu, dimana struktur ini kemudian menunjuk &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heru_Cokro" title="Heru Cokro"&gt;Heru Cokro&lt;/a&gt; sebagai Koordinator Jenderal. Di lain sisi, arahan dan kebijakan kolektif para ketua lembaga di &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKSMJ" title="FKSMJ"&gt;FKSMJ&lt;/a&gt; tetap akan diakomodasi lewat &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heru_Cokro" title="Heru Cokro"&gt;Heru&lt;/a&gt;,  tapi tetap dengan persetujuan anggota struktur operasi aksi yang baru  (yang berasal dari koordinator-koordinator aksi dari masing-masing  kelompok massa).&lt;br /&gt;Menjelang Maghrib, setelah struktur aksi yang baru berhasil mengontrol instalasi &lt;i&gt;Car Call&lt;/i&gt;  (satu-satunya alat komunikasi yang mampu mencapai semua orang di gedung  DPR/MPR RI) yang sebelumnya dikuasai bergantian oleh kelompok-kelompok  massa yang ada, &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heru_Cokro" title="Heru Cokro"&gt;Heru&lt;/a&gt;  berhasil memimpin massa dari semua kelompok massa untuk bersama-sama  melakukan Yell Reformasi, dimana untuk pertama kalinya seluruh kelompok  massa akhirnya terikat dalam sebuah aksi secara bersama-sama, yang  berlanjut sampai akhir aksi.&lt;br /&gt;Malam harinya, dalam rapat koordinasi struktur, terdengar kabar bahwa  besok akan ada demonstrasi akbar di Lapangan Monas yang dipimpin oleh &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amien_Rais" title="Amien Rais"&gt;Amien Rais&lt;/a&gt;.  Rapat pun memanas dengan desakan agar seluruh massa segera  menggabungkan diri dengan demonstrasi tersebut. Tapi perdebatan pun  berhasil diakhiri dengan komitmen untuk tetap di gedung DPR/MPR RI  dengan argumen bila terjadi apa-apa dengan rencana demonstrasi yang  relatif riskan tersebut, akumulasi massa di gedung DPR/MPR RI bisa  menjadi pertahanan terakhir dalam menjaga momentum reformasi ini. Rapat  koordinasi ini pun berhasil menyepakati mekanisme dan kontribusi  masing-masing kelompok massa dalam langkah pengamanan aksi dan prosedur  pengungsian massa bila terjadi penyerbuan.&lt;br /&gt;Rapat pun menyepakati sebuah langkah keras untuk melakukan prosesi  sidang rakyat yang diformat seolah-olah sebagai parlemen alternatif,  dengan menggunakan ruang sidang paripurna DPR/MPR RI sebagai tempat  sidang.&lt;br /&gt;Mulanya, ruang sidang paripurna diusulkan untuk didobrak tanpa  persetujuan sekretariat atau pimpinan DPR/MPR RI. Tapi kemudian, dengan  niat menghindarkan aksi dari citra anarkis, rapat koordinasi menyepakati  bahwa usaha penggunaan ruang sidang paripurna akan dimulai dengan  koordinasi damai antara koordinator jenderal dengan sekretariat DPR/MPR  RI. Dan bila ditolak, baru kemudian dilakukan usaha pendobrakan secara  paksa terhadap ruang sidang.&lt;br /&gt;Bagaimanapun, malam tanggal &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_Mei" title="19 Mei"&gt;19 Mei&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998" title="1998"&gt;1998&lt;/a&gt;  berakhir tenang, walau sempat terjadi sedikit kekacauan ketika mendadak  ada teriakan penyerbuan (menandakan tentara menyerbu) yang sempat  menggegerkan seluruh massa yang ada di gedung DPR/MPR RI (massa sempat  berlari tunggang-langgang kesana kemari), sebelum akhirnya ditenangkan  dengan penjelasan bahwa teriakan tersebut merupakan informasi yang  salah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pendudukan_Gedung_DPR/MPR&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Rabu, 20 Mei 1998"&gt;sunting&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Rabu.2C_20_Mei_1998"&gt;Rabu, 20 Mei 1998&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Sebagaimana amanat rapat di malam sebelumnya, &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heru_Cokro" title="Heru Cokro"&gt;Heru&lt;/a&gt;  bersama Ahmad (salah satu tim aksi) pun menemui personil sekretariat  DPR/MPR RI. Tidak berani memutuskan untuk memberi ijin penggunaan ruang  sidang paripurna, personil sekretariat ini pun mengantarkan &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heru_Cokro" title="Heru Cokro"&gt;Heru&lt;/a&gt; dan tim untuk menemui &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syarwan_Hamid" title="Syarwan Hamid"&gt;Syarwan Hamid&lt;/a&gt;,  Wakil Ketua DPR/MPR RI saat itu. Ketika mendengar rencana prosesi itu,  Syarwan Hamid hanya berkomentar bahwa sebaiknya prosesi itu ditunda  karena hari itu (&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_Mei" title="20 Mei"&gt;20 Mei&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998" title="1998"&gt;1998&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt; akan segera mengumumkan pengunduran dirinya.&lt;br /&gt;Kaget mendengar berita tersebut, akhirnya diputuskan bahwa untuk  sementara waktu prosesi ditunda sambil menunggu kebenaran informasi  tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;Pada tanggal 20 Mei tersebut, aksi berjalan meriah. Banyak tokoh  nasional yang hadir di gedung DPR/MPR RI dan bergiliran memberikan orasi  ke massa. Kesemarakan ini pun makin besar, apalagi setelah dipastikan,  demonstrasi di lapangan Monas dibatalkan.&lt;br /&gt;Di saat yang sama, koordinasi kembali kacau. Sebagai contoh,  sekelompok mahasiswa tanpa koordinasi merobek-robek kertas (disinyalemen  kertas tersebut arsip sekretariat DPR/MPR RI) dan melemparkannya ke  arah massa. Sementara, di lain sisi, ratusan mahasiswa mulai duduk-duduk  dan berdiri di atas kubah gedung paripurna DPR/MPR RI. Beberapa  wartawan sempat memperingatkan stuktur kubah yang rapuh, dan rapat  koordinasi pun sebetulnya sempat memutuskan untuk melarang mahasiswa  menaiki kubah tersebut. Tapi, setelah mencoba memperingatkan  mahasiswa-mahasiswa yang ada di atas kubah tanpa hasil, akhirnya  diputuskan membiarkan penggunaan kubah dengan menunjuk penanggung jawab  yang menjaga kemungkinan terburuk. Puncak kekacauan, adalah perebutan  diri koordinator jenderal di antara kelompok-kelompok massa yang hadir  kemudian.&lt;br /&gt;Di lain sisi, sampai sore tetap tidak ada tanda-tanda bahwa &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt;  akan mengundurkan diri dari jabatan presiden. Akibatnya, rapat  koordinasi mempertanyakan kebenaran informasi yang diterima oleh &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heru_Cokro" title="Heru Cokro"&gt;Heru&lt;/a&gt;,  apalagi untuk alasan itu rencana prosesi sidang rakyat ditunda.  Akhirnya diputuskan untuk menunggu sampai besok, bila belum ada  tanda-tanda pengunduran diri &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt;, maka prosesi sidang rakyat dan penggunaan ruang sidang paripurna akan dilaksanakan, dengan cara damai atau paksa.&lt;br /&gt;Malam harinya, suasana kembali tenang. Selain sempat diidentifikasi  sekelompok prajurit nontentara jaga DPR/MPR RI mengendap-endap dan  seorang perwira di kawal 2 prajurit membangunkan para tentara jaga  (termasuk komandan pengamanan gedung DPR/MPR RI yang tampak  tergopoh-gopoh segera melapor pada perwira ini), pada umumnya malam bisa  berjalan tenang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pendudukan_Gedung_DPR/MPR&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Kamis, 21 Mei 1998"&gt;sunting&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Kamis.2C_21_Mei_1998"&gt;Kamis, 21 Mei 1998&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Pagi itu, kelihatannya beberapa kelompok massa ada yang sudah pulang,  sehingga massa di gedung DPR/MPR RI relatif lebih sedikit. Penanggung  jawab yang ditunjuk untuk mempersiapkan prosesi sidang rakyat tampak  mulai mengumpulkan orang untuk persiapan, sebelum kemudian beberapa  wartawan tergopoh-gopoh mengabarkan bahwa akan ada pengumuman penting  dari istana negara.&lt;br /&gt;Akhirnya, pagi itu &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt; mengumumkan pengunduran dirinya. Sesuai komitmen awal &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKSMJ" title="FKSMJ"&gt;FKSMJ&lt;/a&gt; saat memulai aksi, maka pengunduran diri &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt; adalah tanda berakhirnya aksi. Oleh karenanya, beberapa saat setelah pengumuman pengunduran diri &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heru_Cokro" title="Heru Cokro"&gt;Heru&lt;/a&gt;  pun mengumumkan berakhirnya aksi pendudukan gedung DPR/MPR RI sekaligus  mengumumkan bahwa aksi pendudukan berubah menjadi pesta rakyat.&lt;br /&gt;Setelah pengumuman pengakhiran aksi, terjadi perdebatan di antara  struktur operasi yang dibuat untuk mengawal proses pendudukan ini.  Umumnya anggota struktur merasa bahwa aksi seharusnya belum berakhir,  dengan argumen &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habibie" title="Habibie"&gt;Habibie&lt;/a&gt; pengganti &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto"&gt;Soeharto&lt;/a&gt; belum jelas komitmen reformasinya. Di ujung perdebatan, &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heru_Cokro" title="Heru Cokro"&gt;Heru&lt;/a&gt;  menegaskan tidak akan bergabung dalam aksi lanjutan dan mempersilahkan  rapat memilih koordinator jenderal baru. Akhirnya, rapat memilih Ahmad  dari &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Padjadjaran" title="Universitas Padjadjaran"&gt;Universitas Padjadjaran&lt;/a&gt; (Unpad) untuk menjadi koordinator jenderal dan mengubah struktur operasi menjadi sebuah kelompok massa resmi.&lt;br /&gt;Malamnya, massa yang tergabung dengan &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKSMJ" title="FKSMJ"&gt;FKSMJ&lt;/a&gt; sebagian besar memutuskan pulang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pendudukan_Gedung_DPR/MPR&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi"&gt;sunting&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Referensi"&gt;Referensi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span lang="en" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Inggris."&gt;&lt;b&gt;(en)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E00E0DD1339F932A15756C0A96E958260" rel="nofollow"&gt;New York Times: The Fall of Soeharto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span lang="en" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Inggris."&gt;&lt;b&gt;(en)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/jan-june98/indonesia_5-19.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;Online NewsHour: Giving Ground -- May 19, 1998&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span lang="id" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Indonesia."&gt;&lt;b&gt;(id)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.minihub.org/siarlist/msg00030.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;XPOS: Mereka Mendompleng Arus Reformasi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span lang="id" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Indonesia."&gt;&lt;b&gt;(id)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.hamline.edu/apakabar/basisdata/1998/06/01/0021.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;XPOS: Heru Cokro, Mahasiswa UI: "HABIBIE MESTI MENGUSUT SOEHARTO"&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span lang="id" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Indonesia."&gt;&lt;b&gt;(id)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.minihub.org/siarlist/msg00095.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;XPOS: Teroris di Era Reformasi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span lang="id" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Indonesia."&gt;&lt;b&gt;(id)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.indonesiaindonesia.com/f/2391-indonesia-gerakan-mahasiswa-indonesia-1998-a/" rel="nofollow"&gt;Indonesia: Gerakan mahasiswa Indonesia 1998 - Sejarah dan Legenda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span lang="id" style="cursor: help; font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;" title="Situs atau karya ini dalam bahasa Indonesia."&gt;&lt;b&gt;(id)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.reformasi98.com/index.php" rel="nofollow"&gt;Gerakan Mahasiswa 1998: Pelopor Reformasi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5061856942711336086-2621396794536243081?l=erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/feeds/2621396794536243081/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5061856942711336086&amp;postID=2621396794536243081' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/2621396794536243081'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5061856942711336086/posts/default/2621396794536243081'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://erfinsyafrizal.blogspot.com/2011/02/occupied-building-parliament-by.html' title='Occupied Building Parliament by students in May 1998.'/><author><name>Erfin Syafrizal</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05964928175297338845</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='28' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Eo26FXkZ-kg/S2QBqrHJ0cI/AAAAAAAAAHw/oGP1kp9ZitI/S220/er.jpeg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5061856942711336086.post-8115483090755813746</id><published>2011-02-04T16:19:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2011-02-04T16:19:18.630+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='music'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Kate Bush'/><title type='text'>Kate Bush</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading"&gt;Kate Bush&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;!-- /firstHeading --&gt;    &lt;!-- bodyContent --&gt;         &lt;!-- tagline --&gt;     &lt;div id="siteSub"&gt;From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- /tagline --&gt;     &lt;!-- subtitle --&gt;          &lt;!-- /subtitle --&gt;                 &lt;!-- jumpto --&gt;     &lt;div id="jump-to-nav"&gt;      Jump to: &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#mw-head"&gt;navigation&lt;/a&gt;,      &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#p-search"&gt;search&lt;/a&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- /jumpto --&gt;         &lt;!-- bodytext --&gt;     &lt;table cellspacing="5" class="infobox vcard" style="font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: left; width: 22em;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: khaki; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"&gt;Kate Bush&lt;/th&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KateBushComicRelief.png" title="Kate Bush about to perform at Comic Relief 1986"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="193" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/KateBushComicRelief.png/174px-KateBushComicRelief.png" width="174" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Kate Bush about to perform at &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_Relief_%28charity%29" title="Comic Relief (charity)"&gt;Comic Relief&lt;/a&gt; 1986&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;th class="" colspan="2" style="background-color: khaki; text-align: center;"&gt;Background information&lt;/th&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"&gt;Birth name&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td class="nickname"&gt;Catherine Bush&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"&gt;Born&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td class=""&gt;30 July 1958 &lt;span style="display: none;"&gt;(&lt;span class="bday"&gt;1958-07-30&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="noprint"&gt;(age&amp;nbsp;52)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bexleyheath" title="Bexleyheath"&gt;Bexleyheath&lt;/a&gt;,  &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent" title="Kent"&gt;Kent&lt;/a&gt;,  England&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre"&gt;Genres&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td class=""&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock"&gt;Art rock&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Allmusicbio_0-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Allmusicbio-0"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock"&gt;progressive rock&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Englishness_1-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Englishness-1"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;2&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock"&gt;alternative rock&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Allmusicbio_0-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Allmusicbio-0"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"&gt;Occupations&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td class="role"&gt;Musician, vocalist, songwriter, record  producer&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"&gt;Instruments&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td class="note"&gt;Vocals, piano, keyboards, bass guitar, guitar,  violin&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"&gt;Years active&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td class=""&gt;1975–present&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label"&gt;Labels&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td class=""&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI_Records" title="EMI Records"&gt;EMI Records&lt;/a&gt; &lt;small&gt;(1975–2009)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records"&gt;Columbia Records&lt;/a&gt; (U.S.) &lt;small&gt;(1989–2009)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy_Recordings" title="Legacy Recordings"&gt;Legacy Recordings&lt;/a&gt; &lt;small&gt;(2010–present)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr class=""&gt; &lt;th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"&gt;Website&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td class=""&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.katebush.com/" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.katebush.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;b&gt;Kate Bush&lt;/b&gt; (born &lt;b&gt;Catherine Bush&lt;/b&gt; 30 July 1958)&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Allmusicbio_0-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Allmusicbio-0"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  is an English singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. Her  eclectic musical style and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiosyncrasy" title="Idiosyncrasy"&gt;idiosyncratic&lt;/a&gt;  vocal style have made her one of the United Kingdom's most successful  solo female performers of the past 30&amp;nbsp;years. Bush was signed by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI" title="EMI"&gt;EMI&lt;/a&gt; at the age  of 16 after being recommended by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd"&gt;Pink  Floyd&lt;/a&gt;'s &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gilmour" title="David Gilmour"&gt;David Gilmour&lt;/a&gt;. In 1978, at age 19, she topped  the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart" title="UK Singles Chart"&gt;UK Singles Chart&lt;/a&gt; for four weeks with her debut single  "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_%28song%29" title="Wuthering Heights (song)"&gt;Wuthering Heights&lt;/a&gt;", becoming the  first woman to have a UK number-one with a self-written song. She was  also the most photographed woman in the United Kingdom that year.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-2"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;3&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After her 1979 tour — the only concert tour of her career — Bush  released the 1980 album &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_for_Ever" title="Never for Ever"&gt;Never for Ever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, which made her the first British solo  female artist to top the UK album charts and the first female artist  ever to enter the album chart at No. 1.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-chartstats.com_3-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-chartstats.com-3"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;4&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  In 1987, she won a &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRIT_Awards" title="BRIT Awards"&gt;BRIT Award&lt;/a&gt; for Best British  Female Solo Artist. She has released nine albums, three of which topped  the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Albums_Chart" title="UK Albums Chart"&gt;UK Albums Chart&lt;/a&gt;, and has had UK &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_40" title="Top 40"&gt;Top 10&lt;/a&gt; hit  singles with "Wuthering Heights", "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_Up_That_Hill" title="Running Up That Hill"&gt;Running Up That Hill&lt;/a&gt;", "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_the_Mountain_%28song%29" title="King of the Mountain (song)"&gt;King of the Mountain&lt;/a&gt;", "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babooshka_%28song%29" title="Babooshka (song)"&gt;Babooshka&lt;/a&gt;", "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Child_in_His_Eyes" title="The Man with the Child in His Eyes"&gt;The Man with the Child in His  Eyes&lt;/a&gt;" and "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Give_Up_%28Peter_Gabriel_and_Kate_Bush_song%29" title="Don't Give Up (Peter Gabriel and Kate Bush song)"&gt;Don't Give Up&lt;/a&gt;".&lt;br /&gt;In 2002, Bush's songwriting ability was recognised with an &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Novello_Award" title="Ivor Novello Award"&gt;Ivor Novello Award&lt;/a&gt; for  Outstanding Contribution to British Music. In 2005, she released &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_%28album%29" title="Aerial (album)"&gt;Aerial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, her first album in 12 years. The album earned  her a BRIT Award nomination for Best Album and another for Best Solo  Female Artist. During the course of her career, she has also been  nominated for three &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards"&gt;Grammy Awards&lt;/a&gt;. In January  2011, her spokesperson told &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME" title="NME"&gt;NME&lt;/a&gt; that new material is likely from Bush by the end of  the year although it may not be in the form of a full length album.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-4"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;5&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  EMI Records also announced an upcoming re-issue of four of Kate's  albums (&lt;i&gt;The Dreaming&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Hounds of Love&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;The Sensual World&lt;/i&gt;  and &lt;i&gt;The Red Shoes&lt;/i&gt;), now that Kate has regained full control over  these records. &lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-5"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;6&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table class="toc" id="toc"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;div id="toctitle"&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Contents&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span class="toctoggle"&gt;[&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#" id="togglelink"&gt;hide&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#Early_life"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Early life&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#Career"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Career&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#Wuthering_Heights.2C_The_Kick_Inside_and_Lionheart"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;2.1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Wuthering Heights,  The Kick Inside and Lionheart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#Never_For_Ever_and_The_Dreaming"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;2.2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Never For Ever and  The Dreaming&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#Hounds_of_Love_Era_and_The_Whole_Story"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;2.3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Hounds of Love Era  and The Whole Story&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#The_Sensual_World_and_The_Red_Shoes"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;2.4&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;The Sensual World  and The Red Shoes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#Return_with_Aerial_and_beyond"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;2.5&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Return with Aerial  and beyond&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#Musical_style"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Musical style&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#Live_performances"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Live performances&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#Video_projects"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Video projects&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#Movie_projects"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Movie projects&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#Collaborations"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Collaborations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#Influence"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;8&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Influence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#Discography"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Discography&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#See_also"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#References"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#Further_reading"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Further reading&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#External_links"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;13&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;External links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt;//&lt;![CDATA[if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]&gt;&lt;/script&gt; &lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kate_Bush&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life"&gt;Early life&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Bush was born in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bexleyheath" title="Bexleyheath"&gt;Bexleyheath&lt;/a&gt;, Kent, to English physician Robert  Bush and his Irish wife, Hannah Daly.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sweeting_6-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Sweeting-6"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;7&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  She was raised in their farmhouse in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Wickham" title="East Wickham"&gt;East  Wickham&lt;/a&gt;, Kent, with her older brothers, John and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_Bush" title="Paddy Bush"&gt;Paddy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-salon.com_7-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-salon.com-7"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;8&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Bush came from an artistic background: her mother was a former Irish  folk dancer, her father was an accomplished pianist, Paddy worked as a  musical-instrument maker and John was a poet and photographer. Both  brothers were involved in the local &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music"&gt;folk  music&lt;/a&gt; scene.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Haunting_Kate_Bush_8-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Haunting_Kate_Bush-8"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;9&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  John was a &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karateka" title="Karateka"&gt;karateka&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldsmiths,_University_of_London" title="Goldsmiths, University of London"&gt;Goldsmiths College&lt;/a&gt; karate  club and Bush also trained there, becoming known as "Ee-ee" because of  her squeaky &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiai" title="Kiai"&gt;kiai&lt;/a&gt;.  One of the instructors, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Hazard" title="Dave Hazard"&gt;Dave  Hazard&lt;/a&gt;, later noted in his autobiography that her dance moves  seemed to owe something to karate.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-9"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;10&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Her family's musical influence inspired the young Kate to teach herself  to play the piano at age 11. She also played the organ in a barn behind  her parents' house and studied the violin.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Allmusicbio_0-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Allmusicbio-0"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  She soon began writing her own tunes and eventually added &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyrics" title="Lyrics"&gt;lyrics&lt;/a&gt; to  them.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rebel_10-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-rebel-10"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;11&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kate_Bush&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Career"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Career"&gt;Career&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Bush attended St Joseph's Convent Grammar School (later the St  Joseph's campus of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bexley_College" title="Bexley College"&gt;Bexley College&lt;/a&gt;) and a Catholic girls' school  on Woolwich Road in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_Wood" title="Abbey Wood"&gt;Abbey Wood&lt;/a&gt;, London, in the mid-1970s. During this  time her family produced a demo tape with over 50 of her compositions,  which was turned down by record labels. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gilmour" title="David Gilmour"&gt;David  Gilmour&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd"&gt;Pink Floyd&lt;/a&gt; received the demo from Ricky Hopper, a  mutual friend of Gilmour and the Bush family. Impressed with what he  heard, Gilmour helped Bush get a more professional-sounding demo tape  recorded that would be more saleable to the record companies.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NStatesman_11-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-NStatesman-11"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;12&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The tape was produced by Gilmour's friend &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Powell" title="Andrew Powell"&gt;Andrew  Powell&lt;/a&gt;, who would go on to produce Bush's first two albums.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rebel_10-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-rebel-10"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;11&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The tape was sent to &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI" title="EMI"&gt;EMI&lt;/a&gt; executive Terry Slater, who would become famous for  signing &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sex_Pistols" title="The Sex Pistols"&gt;The Sex Pistols&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soundscape_12-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Soundscape-12"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;13&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Slater was impressed by the tape and signed her.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EMI_13-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-EMI-13"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;14&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  At that time, Pink Floyd was an important act to EMI.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soundscape_12-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Soundscape-12"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;13&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The British record industry was reaching a point of stagnation.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soundscape_12-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Soundscape-12"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;13&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock"&gt;Progressive rock&lt;/a&gt; was very popular and  visually-oriented rock performers were growing in popularity, thus  record labels looking for the next big thing were considering  experimental acts.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soundscape_12-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Soundscape-12"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;13&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the first two years of her contract, Bush spent more time on  school work than making an album. She left school after doing her mock &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Level_%28UK%29" title="Advanced Level (UK)"&gt;A-levels&lt;/a&gt; and having  gained ten GCE &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-Level" title="O-Level"&gt;O-Level&lt;/a&gt; qualifications.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MightyB_14-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-MightyB-14"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;15&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  In 2005, Bush stated in an interview with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Radcliffe" title="Mark Radcliffe"&gt;Mark Radcliffe&lt;/a&gt; on &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2"&gt;BBC  Radio 2&lt;/a&gt; that she believed EMI signed her before she was ready to  make an album so that no other record company could offer her a  contract. After the contract signing, EMI forwarded her a sizable  advance which she used to enroll in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretive_dance" title="Interpretive dance"&gt;interpretive dance&lt;/a&gt; classes taught by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsay_Kemp" title="Lindsay Kemp"&gt;Lindsay  Kemp&lt;/a&gt;, a former teacher of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie"&gt;David  Bowie&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Today.27s_Style_And_Looks_15-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Today.27s_Style_And_Looks-15"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;16&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  and mime training with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Darius" title="Adam Darius"&gt;Adam  Darius&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-16"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;17&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bush also wrote and made demos of close to 200 songs, a few of which  today can be found on bootleg recordings and are known as the &lt;i&gt;&lt;a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phoenix_Recordings&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Phoenix Recordings (page does not exist)"&gt;Phoenix  Recordings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-17"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;18&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  From March to August 1977, she fronted the KT Bush Band at public  houses around London – specifically at the Rose of Lee public house (now  Dirty South) in Lewisham. The other three band members were &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del_Palmer" title="Del Palmer"&gt;Del  Palmer&lt;/a&gt; (bass), Brian Bath (guitar), and Vic King (drums). She began  recording her first album in August 1977,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rebel_10-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-rebel-10"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;11&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  although two tracks had been recorded during the summer of 1975.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kate_Bush&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Wuthering Heights, The Kick Inside and Lionheart"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Wuthering_Heights.2C_The_Kick_Inside_and_Lionheart"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Wuthering  Heights, The Kick Inside&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Lionheart&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-image"&gt; &lt;div class="center"&gt; &lt;div class="floatnone"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"&gt; &lt;div class="haudio"&gt; &lt;div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kate_Bush_Wuthering_Heights_Sample.ogg" title="File:Kate Bush Wuthering Heights Sample.ogg"&gt;Kate Bush  "Wuthering Heights" (1978)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;div id="ogg_player_1" style="width: 220px;"&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;button onclick="if (typeof(wgOggPlayer) != 'undefined') wgOggPlayer.init(false, {&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;ogg_player_1&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;videoUrl&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/20/Kate_Bush_Wuthering_Heights_Sample.ogg&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;width&amp;quot;: 220, &amp;quot;height&amp;quot;: 35, &amp;quot;length&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;23&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;linkUrl&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;/wiki/File:Kate_Bush_Wuthering_Heights_Sample.ogg&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;isVideo&amp;quot;: false});" style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"&gt;&lt;img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;"&gt;Sample from Kate Bush's  "Wuthering Heights".&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: smaller;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Problems listening to this file? See &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help"&gt;media help&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;As part of her preparation for entering the studio, Bush toured pubs  with the KT Bush Band. However, for her debut album &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kick_Inside" title="The Kick Inside"&gt;The Kick Inside&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (1978) she was persuaded to use  established session musicians, some of whom she would retain even after  she had brought her band-mates back on board.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-lyricsystem.com_18-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-lyricsystem.com-18"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;19&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Her brother Paddy Bush played the harmonica and mandolin, unlike on  later albums where he would play more exotic instruments such as the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balalaika" title="Balalaika"&gt;balalaika&lt;/a&gt;  and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didgeridoo" title="Didgeridoo"&gt;didgeridoo&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Elliott_%28drummer%29" title="Stuart Elliott (drummer)"&gt;Stuart Elliott&lt;/a&gt; played some of the  drums and would become her main percussionist on subsequent albums.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lyricbooks_19-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Lyricbooks-19"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;20&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bush released &lt;i&gt;The Kick Inside&lt;/i&gt; when she was 19 years old, but  some of the songs had been written when she was as young as 13. EMI  originally wanted the more rock-oriented track "James and the Cold Gun"  to be her debut single, but Bush insisted that it should be "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_%28song%29" title="Wuthering Heights (song)"&gt;Wuthering Heights&lt;/a&gt;". Even at this  early stage of her career, she had gained a reputation for her  determination to have a say in decisions affecting her work.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rebel_10-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-rebel-10"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;11&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  "Wuthering Heights" topped the UK and Australian charts and became an  international hit. Bush became the first woman to reach number one in  the UK charts with a self-penned song.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-GuardianProfile_20-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-GuardianProfile-20"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;21&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  A second single, "The Man with the Child in His Eyes", reached number  six on the UK charts.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-songfacts.com_21-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-songfacts.com-21"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;22&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  It also made it onto the American &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"&gt;Billboard Hot 100&lt;/a&gt; where it reached number 85 in early 1979.  "The Man with the Child in His Eyes" went on to win her an &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Novello_Award" title="Ivor Novello Award"&gt;Ivor Novello Award&lt;/a&gt; in 1979 for  Outstanding British Lyric.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-22"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;23&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EMI capitalised on Bush's appearance by promoting the album with a  poster of her in a tight pink top that emphasised her breasts. In an  interview with &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME" title="NME"&gt;NME&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  magazine in 1982, Bush criticised the marketing technique, stating:  "People weren't even generally aware that I wrote my own songs or played  the piano. The media just promoted me as a female body. It's like I've  had to prove that I'm an artist in a female body."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rebel_10-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-rebel-10"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;11&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  In late 1978, EMI persuaded Bush to quickly record a follow-up album, &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionheart_%28Kate_Bush_album%29" title="Lionheart (Kate Bush album)"&gt;Lionheart&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, to take advantage  of the success of &lt;i&gt;The Kick Inside&lt;/i&gt;. Bush has often expressed  dissatisfaction with &lt;i&gt;Lionheart&lt;/i&gt;, feeling that she needed more time  to get it right. The album was rushed out of the studio in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nice" title="Nice"&gt;Nice&lt;/a&gt; on the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera"&gt;French Riviera&lt;/a&gt;. The album was produced by Andrew Powell,  assisted by Bush. While it has its share of hits, most notably "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow_%28Kate_Bush_song%29" title="Wow (Kate Bush song)"&gt;Wow&lt;/a&gt;", it did not garner the same reception as her  first album, reaching number six in the UK album charts.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WholeStory_23-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-WholeStory-23"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;24&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bush was displeased with being rushed into making the second album.  She set up her own publishing company, Kate Bush Music, and her own  management company, Novercia, to maintain complete control over her  work. The board of directors of these companies was herself and members  of her family.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rebel_10-5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-rebel-10"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;11&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Following the album's release, she was required by EMI to undertake  heavy promotional work and an exhausting tour, the only one of her  career.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-24"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;25&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The tour, named &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tour_of_Life" title="The Tour of Life"&gt;The Tour of Life&lt;/a&gt;, began in April 1979 and  lasted six weeks. Typical of her determination to have control, she was  involved in every aspect of the show's production, choreography, set  design, and staff recruitment.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rebel_10-6"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-rebel-10"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;11&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The shows were noted for her dancing, complex lighting and her 17  costume changes per show. Because of her intention to dance as she sang,  her sound engineers used a wire coat hanger and a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_microphone" title="Wireless microphone"&gt;radio microphone&lt;/a&gt; to fashion the first headset mic to be  used by a rock performer, at least since the Swedish group &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotnicks" title="Spotnicks"&gt;Spotnicks&lt;/a&gt; used a very primitive version in the  early 1960s.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Allmusicbio_0-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Allmusicbio-0"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-25"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;26&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, Bush disliked the exposure and the celebrity lifestyle  associated with promotional work, given that her main priority was  making music.&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2010"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; As she  moved into producing her own work, Bush began a slow and steady  withdrawal from public life. It was at this stage of her career that she  developed a perfectionist approach; she spent long periods of time in  the studio and only met the media when albums were released.&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2010"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; Bush  would disappear for up to four years while honing new material, which  led to rumours in the media concerning her health or appearance.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-littlemiss_26-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-littlemiss-26"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;27&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  In the past, stories of weight gain or mental instability have been  disproved by Bush's periodic reappearance.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-27"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;28&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kate_Bush&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Never For Ever and The Dreaming"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Never_For_Ever_and_The_Dreaming"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Never For  Ever&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;The Dreaming&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-image"&gt; &lt;div class="center"&gt; &lt;div class="floatnone"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"&gt; &lt;div class="haudio"&gt; &lt;div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kate_Bush_Babooshka_Sample.ogg" title="File:Kate Bush Babooshka Sample.ogg"&gt;Kate Bush "Babooshka" (1980)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;div id="ogg_player_2" style="width: 220px;"&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;button onclick="if (typeof(wgOggPlayer) != 'undefined') wgOggPlayer.init(false, {&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;ogg_player_2&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;videoUrl&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/64/Kate_Bush_Babooshka_Sample.ogg&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;width&amp;quot;: 220, &amp;quot;height&amp;quot;: 35, &amp;quot;length&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;20&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;linkUrl&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;/wiki/File:Kate_Bush_Babooshka_Sample.ogg&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;isVideo&amp;quot;: false});" style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"&gt;&lt;img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;"&gt;Sample from Kate Bush's  "Babooshka".&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;hr /&gt; &lt;div class="haudio"&gt; &lt;div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kate_Bush_There_Goes_A_Tenner_Sample.ogg" title="File:Kate Bush There Goes A Tenner Sample.ogg"&gt;Kate Bush "There  Goes a Tenner" (1982)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;div id="ogg_player_3" style="width: 220px;"&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;button onclick="if (typeof(wgOggPlayer) != 'undefined') wgOggPlayer.init(false, {&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;ogg_player_3&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;videoUrl&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bb/Kate_Bush_There_Goes_A_Tenner_Sample.ogg&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;width&amp;quot;: 220, &amp;quot;height&amp;quot;: 35, &amp;quot;length&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;22&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;linkUrl&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;/wiki/File:Kate_Bush_There_Goes_A_Tenner_Sample.ogg&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;isVideo&amp;quot;: false});" style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"&gt;&lt;img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;"&gt;Sample from Kate Bush's  "There Goes a Tenner".&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: smaller;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Problems listening to these files? See &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help"&gt;media help&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;Released in September 1980, &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_for_Ever" title="Never for Ever"&gt;Never for Ever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; saw Bush's second foray into production,  co-producing with Jon Kelly. Her first time as a producer was on her &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Stage_%28EP%29" title="On Stage (EP)"&gt;Live On Stage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play"&gt;EP&lt;/a&gt;,  released after her tour the previous year. The first two albums had  resulted in a definitive sound evident in every track, with orchestral  arrangements supporting the live band sound. The range of styles on &lt;i&gt;Never  for Ever&lt;/i&gt; is much more diverse, veering from the straightforward  rocker "Violin" to the wistful waltz of hit single "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Dreamers" title="Army Dreamers"&gt;Army  Dreamers&lt;/a&gt;". &lt;i&gt;Never for Ever&lt;/i&gt; was the first Kate Bush album to  feature synthesisers and drum machines, in particular the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairlight_CMI" title="Fairlight CMI"&gt;Fairlight  CMI&lt;/a&gt;, to which she was introduced when providing backing vocals on &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel"&gt;Peter  Gabriel&lt;/a&gt;'s third album in early 1980.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rebel_10-7"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-rebel-10"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;11&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  It was her first record to reach the top position in the UK album  charts, also making her the first female British artist to achieve that  status,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MightyB_14-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-MightyB-14"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;15&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  and the first female artist ever to enter the album chart at the top.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-chartstats.com_3-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-chartstats.com-3"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;4&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The top-selling single from the album was "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babooshka_%28song%29" title="Babooshka (song)"&gt;Babooshka&lt;/a&gt;", which reached number five in  the UK singles chart.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-28"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;29&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  In November 1980, she released the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_music" title="Christmas music"&gt;Christmas single&lt;/a&gt; "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_Will_Be_Magic_Again" title="December Will Be Magic Again"&gt;December Will Be Magic Again&lt;/a&gt;",  which reached number&amp;nbsp;29 in the UK charts.&lt;br /&gt;September 1982 saw the release of &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dreaming_%28album%29" title="The Dreaming (album)"&gt;The Dreaming&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, the first album Bush produced by  herself.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-29"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;30&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  It was also a major departure for Bush, being initially composed on  rhythm machine rather than piano, with songs extensively revised and  rebuilt in the studio, rather than merely arranged there.&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2010"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; With  her new-found freedom, she experimented with production techniques,  creating an album that features a diverse blend of musical styles and is  known for its near-exhaustive use of the Fairlight CMI. &lt;i&gt;The Dreaming&lt;/i&gt;  received a mixed critical reception in the UK at first. Many were  baffled by the dense soundscapes Bush had created, and some critics  accused the album of being over-produced.&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2010"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; In a  1993 interview with &lt;i&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_magazine" title="Q magazine"&gt;Q&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, Bush stated: "That  was my 'She's gone mad' album."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rebel_10-8"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-rebel-10"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;11&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  However, the album was hailed as a "masterpiece" and a "musical &lt;i&gt;tour-de-force&lt;/i&gt;"  by critics in America, and the album became her first to enter the US  charts, albeit only reaching number&amp;nbsp;157.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rebel_10-9"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-rebel-10"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;11&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The album entered the UK album chart at no.3, but is to date her lowest  selling album, garnering only a gold disc.&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat_in_Your_Lap" title="Sat in Your Lap"&gt;Sat in Your Lap&lt;/a&gt;" was the first single from the album to  be released. It pre-dated the album by over a year and peaked at  number&amp;nbsp;11 in the UK.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-OfficialCharts_30-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-OfficialCharts-30"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;31&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The album's &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dreaming_%28song%29" title="The Dreaming (song)"&gt;title track&lt;/a&gt;, featuring the talents of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolf_Harris" title="Rolf Harris"&gt;Rolf  Harris&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Edwards" title="Percy Edwards"&gt;Percy Edwards&lt;/a&gt;, stalled at number&amp;nbsp;48, while the  third single, "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_Goes_a_Tenner" title="There Goes a Tenner"&gt;There Goes a Tenner&lt;/a&gt;", failed to chart, despite  promotion from EMI and Bush. The track "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspended_in_Gaffa" title="Suspended in Gaffa"&gt;Suspended in Gaffa&lt;/a&gt;" was released as a single in Europe,  but not in the UK.&lt;br /&gt;Bush was in her early twenties when making the album and tended to  look outside her own personal experience for sources of inspiration. She  drew on old crime films for "There Goes A Tenner", a documentary about  the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_war" title="Vietnam war"&gt;war in Vietnam&lt;/a&gt; for "Pull Out The Pin", and  the plight of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians"&gt;Indigenous Australians&lt;/a&gt; for "The  Dreaming". "Houdini" is about &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Houdini" title="Harry Houdini"&gt;the  magician&lt;/a&gt;'s death, and "Get Out Of My House" was inspired by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick"&gt;Stanley Kubrick&lt;/a&gt;'s film of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King"&gt;Stephen  King&lt;/a&gt;'s novel &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shining_%28novel%29" title="The Shining (novel)"&gt;The Shining&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2010"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kate_Bush&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Hounds of Love Era and The Whole Story"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Hounds_of_Love_Era_and_The_Whole_Story"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hounds  of Love&lt;/i&gt; Era and &lt;i&gt;The Whole Story&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-image"&gt; &lt;div class="center"&gt; &lt;div class="floatnone"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"&gt; &lt;div class="haudio"&gt; &lt;div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kate_Bush_Running_Up_That_Hill_Sample.ogg" title="File:Kate Bush Running Up That Hill Sample.ogg"&gt;Kate Bush  "Running Up That Hill" (1985)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;div id="ogg_player_4" style="width: 220px;"&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;button onclick="if (typeof(wgOggPlayer) != 'undefined') wgOggPlayer.init(false, {&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;ogg_player_4&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;videoUrl&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e2/Kate_Bush_Running_Up_That_Hill_Sample.ogg&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;width&amp;quot;: 220, &amp;quot;height&amp;quot;: 35, &amp;quot;length&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;29&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;linkUrl&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;/wiki/File:Kate_Bush_Running_Up_That_Hill_Sample.ogg&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;isVideo&amp;quot;: false});" style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"&gt;&lt;img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;"&gt;Sample from Kate Bush's  "Running Up That Hill".&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: smaller;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Problems listening to this file? See &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help"&gt;media help&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hounds_of_Love" title="Hounds of Love"&gt;Hounds of Love&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; was released in 1985.  Because of the high cost of hiring studio space for her previous album,  she built a private studio near her home, where she could work at her  own pace.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-comeback_31-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-comeback-31"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;32&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  &lt;i&gt;Hounds of Love&lt;/i&gt; ultimately topped the charts in the UK, knocking &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_%28entertainer%29" title="Madonna (entertainer)"&gt;Madonna&lt;/a&gt;'s &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Like_a_Virgin" title="Like a Virgin"&gt;Like  a Virgin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; from the number one position.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-32"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;33&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The album takes advantage of the vinyl format with two very different  sides. The first side, &lt;i&gt;Hounds of Love&lt;/i&gt;, contains five  "accessible" pop songs, including the four singles "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_Up_That_Hill" title="Running Up That Hill"&gt;Running Up That Hill&lt;/a&gt;", "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloudbusting" title="Cloudbusting"&gt;Cloudbusting&lt;/a&gt;",  "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hounds_of_Love_%28song%29" title="Hounds of Love (song)"&gt;Hounds of Love&lt;/a&gt;", and "The Big Sky". In  August 1985, &lt;i&gt;NME&lt;/i&gt; featured Bush in a "Where Are They Now"  article. "Running Up That Hill" reached number&amp;nbsp;3 in the UK charts and  also re-introduced Bush to American listeners, climbing to number&amp;nbsp;30 on  the Billboard Hot 100 in November 1985. The second side of the album, &lt;i&gt;The  Ninth Wave&lt;/i&gt;, takes its name from &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Tennyson,_1st_Baron_Tennyson" title="Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson"&gt;Tennyson's&lt;/a&gt;  poem, "Idylls of the King", about the legendary King Arthur's reign,  and is one continuous piece of music.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-33"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;34&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The album earned Bush nominations for Best Female Solo Artist, Best  Album, Best Single, and Best Producer at the 1986 &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRIT_Awards" title="BRIT Awards"&gt;BRIT Awards&lt;/a&gt;. In the same year, Bush and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel"&gt;Peter  Gabriel&lt;/a&gt; had a UK top ten hit with "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Give_Up_%28Peter_Gabriel_and_Kate_Bush_song%29" title="Don't Give Up (Peter Gabriel and Kate Bush song)"&gt;Don't Give Up&lt;/a&gt;",  and EMI released her "greatest hits" album, &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Whole_Story" title="The Whole Story"&gt;The Whole Story&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, for which she recorded the single  "Experiment IV" and provided new vocals and a refreshed backing track to  "Wuthering Heights". Bush won the award for Best Female Solo Artist at  the 1987 BRIT Awards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kate_Bush&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=6" title="Edit section: The Sensual World and The Red Shoes"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="The_Sensual_World_and_The_Red_Shoes"&gt;&lt;i&gt;The  Sensual World&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;The Red Shoes&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;The increasingly personal tone of her writing continued on 1989's &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sensual_World" title="The Sensual World"&gt;The Sensual World&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, with songs about unexpressed  and unrequited love ("Love and Anger" and "Never Be Mine",  respectively), and the pressures on modern relationships ("Between a Man  and a Woman").&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2010"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; One of  the quirkiest tracks on the album, touched by Bush's &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_humour" title="Black humour"&gt;black humour&lt;/a&gt;, is "Heads We're Dancing", about a  woman who dances all night with a charming stranger only to find out in  the morning that he is &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler"&gt;Adolf  Hitler&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Telegraphdream_34-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Telegraphdream-34"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;35&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sensual_World_%28song%29" title="The Sensual World (song)"&gt;title track&lt;/a&gt; drew its inspiration  from &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce"&gt;James Joyce&lt;/a&gt;'s novel &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_%28novel%29" title="Ulysses (novel)"&gt;Ulysses&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Telegraphdream_34-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Telegraphdream-34"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;35&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-image"&gt; &lt;div class="center"&gt; &lt;div class="floatnone"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"&gt; &lt;div class="haudio"&gt; &lt;div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kate_Bush_The_Sensual_World_Sample.ogg" title="File:Kate Bush The Sensual World Sample.ogg"&gt;Kate Bush "The  Sensual World" (1989)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;div id="ogg_player_5" style="width: 220px;"&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;button onclick="if (typeof(wgOggPlayer) != 'undefined') wgOggPlayer.init(false, {&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;ogg_player_5&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;videoUrl&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/78/Kate_Bush_The_Sensual_World_Sample.ogg&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;width&amp;quot;: 220, &amp;quot;height&amp;quot;: 35, &amp;quot;length&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;20&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;linkUrl&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;/wiki/File:Kate_Bush_The_Sensual_World_Sample.ogg&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;isVideo&amp;quot;: false});" style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"&gt;&lt;img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;"&gt;Sample from Kate Bush's  "The Sensual World".&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: smaller;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Problems listening to this file? See &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help"&gt;media help&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Sensual World&lt;/i&gt; went on to become her biggest-selling album  in the US, receiving an RIAA Gold certification four years after its  release for 500,000&amp;nbsp;copies sold. In the United Kingdom album charts, it  reached the number two position.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-starpulse.com_35-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-starpulse.com-35"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;36&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1990, the boxed-set &lt;i&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Woman%27s_Work_%28box_set%29" title="This Woman's Work (box set)"&gt;This Woman's  Work&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; was released and included all of her albums with their  original cover art, as well as two discs of all single B sides recorded  from 1978-1990. In 1991, Bush released a cover of Elton John's "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_Man_%28song%29" title="Rocket Man (song)"&gt;Rocket Man&lt;/a&gt;", which reached number&amp;nbsp;12 in the UK singles  chart&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-everyhit_36-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-everyhit-36"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;37&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  and in 2007, was voted the greatest cover ever by readers of &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer"&gt;The  Observer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; newspaper.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-37"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;38&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  She recorded "Candle in the Wind," as the single's b-side.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TheGreatRockDiscographyPage218_38-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-TheGreatRockDiscographyPage218-38"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;39&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  1990 also saw the one song Kate produced for another artist, Alan  Stivell's "Kimiad," on his album "Again."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Red_Shoes_%28album%29" title="The Red Shoes (album)"&gt;The Red Shoes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; was released in  November 1993. &lt;i&gt;The Red Shoes&lt;/i&gt; features more high-profile cameo  appearances than Bush's previous efforts, including contributions from  composer and conductor &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kamen" title="Michael Kamen"&gt;Michael  Kamen&lt;/a&gt;. Comedian &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Henry" title="Lenny Henry"&gt;Lenny Henry&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_%28musician%29" title="Prince (musician)"&gt;Prince&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton"&gt;Eric  Clapton&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Brooker" title="Gary Brooker"&gt;Gary Brooker&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procol_Harum" title="Procol Harum"&gt;Procol  Harum&lt;/a&gt;, Trevor Whittaker, and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Beck" title="Jeff Beck"&gt;Jeff  Beck&lt;/a&gt; also donated their talents to the recording. The album gave  Bush her highest chart position in the US, reaching number&amp;nbsp;28, although  the only song from the album to make the US singles chart was  "Rubberband Girl", which peaked at number&amp;nbsp;88 in January 1994. In the UK,  the album reached number two, and the singles "Rubberband Girl", "The  Red Shoes", "Moments Of Pleasure" and "And So Is Love" all reached the  top&amp;nbsp;30.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-OfficialCharts_30-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-OfficialCharts-30"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;31&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-softpedia.com_39-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-softpedia.com-39"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;40&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  That same year, the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film"&gt;short film&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Line,_the_Cross_%26_the_Curve" title="The Line, the Cross &amp;amp; the Curve"&gt;The Line, the Cross &amp;amp;  the Curve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, written and directed by Bush, and starring Bush and  English actress &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_Richardson" title="Miranda Richardson"&gt;Miranda Richardson&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-lineamazon_40-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-lineamazon-40"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;41&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  used six of the songs on the album.&lt;br /&gt;The initial plan had been to take the songs out on the road (though a  new tour did not transpire), and so Bush deliberately aimed for a  live-band feel, with less of the studio trickery that had typified her  last three albums and that would be difficult to recreate on stage.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Future_41-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Future-41"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;42&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The result alienated some of her fan base, who enjoyed the intricacy of  her earlier compositions,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Orlando_42-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Orlando-42"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;43&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  but others found a new complexity in the lyrics and the emotions they  expressed.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-request_43-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-request-43"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;44&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This was a troubled time for Bush. She had suffered a series of  bereavements, including the loss of her favoured guitarist &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Murphy" title="Alan Murphy"&gt;Alan  Murphy&lt;/a&gt;, and her mother Hannah.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MightyB_14-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-MightyB-14"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;15&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Many of the people she lost are honoured in the ballad "Moments of  Pleasure".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kate_Bush&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Return with Aerial and beyond"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Return_with_Aerial_and_beyond"&gt;Return with &lt;i&gt;Aerial&lt;/i&gt;  and beyond&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;After the release of &lt;i&gt;The Red Shoes&lt;/i&gt;, Bush dropped out of the  public eye for many years, although her name occasionally cropped up in  the media with rumours of a new album release. Bush had originally  intended to take one year off but despite working on material 12 years  would pass before her next album release.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Gap_44-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Gap-44"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;45&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The press often viewed her as an eccentric recluse, sometimes drawing a  comparison with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Havisham" title="Miss Havisham"&gt;Miss Havisham&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens"&gt;Charles Dickens&lt;/a&gt;'s &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Expectations" title="Great Expectations"&gt;Great Expectations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-GuardianProfile_20-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-GuardianProfile-20"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;21&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  In reality, she was trying to give her young son a normal childhood,  and needed a quiet place for her creative process to function.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Gap_44-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Gap-44"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;45&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  In 1998, Bush had given birth to Albert, known as "Bertie", fathered by  her guitarist and now-husband Danny McIntosh.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MightyB_14-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-MightyB-14"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;15&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EveningStandard_45-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-EveningStandard-45"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;46&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  After living for many years on Court Road, Eltham, southeast London,  the couple and their son currently have two homes: a £2.5&amp;nbsp;million house  in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Portlemouth" title="East Portlemouth"&gt;East Portlemouth&lt;/a&gt; on the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devon" title="Devon"&gt;Devon&lt;/a&gt; coast&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EveningStandard_45-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-EveningStandard-45"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;46&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  and a mansion on an islet on the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennet_and_Avon_canal" title="Kennet and Avon canal"&gt;Kennet and Avon canal&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulhamstead" title="Sulhamstead"&gt;Sulhamstead&lt;/a&gt;  in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Berkshire" title="West Berkshire"&gt;West Berkshire&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-46"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;47&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bush's eighth studio album, &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_%28album%29" title="Aerial (album)"&gt;Aerial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, was released on double CD and vinyl in November  2005.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MightyB_14-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-MightyB-14"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;15&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The first single from the album was "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_the_Mountain_%28song%29" title="King of the Mountain (song)"&gt;King of the Mountain&lt;/a&gt;", which was  played for the first time on &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2"&gt;BBC  Radio 2&lt;/a&gt; on 21 September 2005.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-47"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;48&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As on &lt;i&gt;Hounds of Love&lt;/i&gt; (1985), the album is divided into two  sections, each with its own theme and mood.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pi_48-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-pi-48"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;49&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The first disc, subtitled &lt;i&gt;A Sea of Honey&lt;/i&gt;, features a set of  unrelated themed songs, including "King of the Mountain"; "Bertie", a  Renaissance-style ode to her son; and "Joanni", based on the story of &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Joan_of_Arc" title="St. Joan of Arc"&gt;Joan of Arc&lt;/a&gt;. In the song "π", Bush sings &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi" title="Pi"&gt;the number&lt;/a&gt; to 115  decimal places.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pi_48-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-pi-48"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;49&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BThompson_49-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-BThompson-49"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;50&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The second disc, subtitled &lt;i&gt;A Sky of Honey&lt;/i&gt;, features thematically  related songs linked by the presence of &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_song" title="Bird song"&gt;bird song&lt;/a&gt;. The album's cover art, which seems to  show a mountain range at sunset over a sea, is in fact a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveform" title="Waveform"&gt;waveform&lt;/a&gt;  that represents birdsong. All the pieces in this suite refer or allude  to air or sky in their lyrical content. &lt;i&gt;A Sky of Honey&lt;/i&gt; features &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolf_Harris" title="Rolf Harris"&gt;Rolf  Harris&lt;/a&gt; playing the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didgeridoo" title="Didgeridoo"&gt;didgeridoo&lt;/a&gt;  on one track, and providing vocals on the track "The Painter's Link".&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pi_48-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-pi-48"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;49&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Other artists making guest appearances on the album include &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Erskine" title="Peter Erskine"&gt;Peter  Erskine&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eberhard_Weber" title="Eberhard Weber"&gt;Eberhard Weber&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lol_Creme" title="Lol Creme"&gt;Lol  Creme&lt;/a&gt;, and Gary Brooker. Two tracks feature string arrangements by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kamen" title="Michael Kamen"&gt;Michael  Kamen&lt;/a&gt;, performed by the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Metropolitan_Orchestra" title="London Metropolitan Orchestra"&gt;London Metropolitan Orchestra&lt;/a&gt;.  A CD release of the single "King of the Mountain" included a cover of  "Sexual Healing" by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye"&gt;Marvin Gaye&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-50"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;51&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-image"&gt; &lt;div class="center"&gt; &lt;div class="floatnone"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"&gt; &lt;div class="haudio"&gt; &lt;div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kate_Bush_King_Of_The_Mountain_Sample.ogg" title="File:Kate Bush King Of The Mountain Sample.ogg"&gt;Kate Bush "King  Of The Mountain" (2005)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;div id="ogg_player_6" style="width: 220px;"&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;button onclick="if (typeof(wgOggPlayer) != 'undefined') wgOggPlayer.init(false, {&amp;quot;id&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;ogg_player_6&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;videoUrl&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/08/Kate_Bush_King_Of_The_Mountain_Sample.ogg&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;width&amp;quot;: 220, &amp;quot;height&amp;quot;: 35, &amp;quot;length&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;25&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;linkUrl&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;/wiki/File:Kate_Bush_King_Of_The_Mountain_Sample.ogg&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;isVideo&amp;quot;: false});" style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"&gt;&lt;img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /&gt;&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;"&gt;Sample from Kate Bush's  "King Of The Mountain".&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: smaller;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Problems listening to this file? See &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help"&gt;media help&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;"King of the Mountain" entered the UK Downloads Chart at number six  on 17 October 2005,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-download_51-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-download-51"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;52&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  and by 30 October it had become Bush's third-highest-charting single  ever in the UK, peaking at number four on the full chart. &lt;i&gt;Aerial&lt;/i&gt;  entered the UK albums chart at number 3,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-52"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;53&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  and the US chart at number&amp;nbsp;48.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-53"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;54&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Bush herself carried out relatively little publicity for the album,  only conducting a handful of magazine and radio interviews. &lt;i&gt;Aerial&lt;/i&gt;  earned Bush two nominations at the 2006 BRIT Awards, for Best British  Female Solo Artist and Best British Album.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-54"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;55&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In late 2007, Bush composed and recorded a new song, "Lyra", for the  soundtrack to the fantasy film &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Golden_Compass_%28film%29" title="The Golden Compass (film)"&gt;The Golden Compass&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;On 18 January 2011, UK newspaper &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian"&gt;The  Guardian&lt;/a&gt; quoted an EMI spokesperson, saying it was 'likely' Kate  would issue a follow-up to &lt;i&gt;Aerial&lt;/i&gt; later in the year, adding that  it may not be a full album release.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-55"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;56&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 20 January 2011, it was announced on the website MusicWeek that  Kate is now in control of four of her albums - The Dreaming, Hounds of  Love, The Sensual World and The Red Shoes. These albums are expected to  be re-issued later in 2011.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-56"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;57&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kate_Bush&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Musical style"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_style"&gt;Musical style&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Bush's music is eclectic, using various styles of music even within  the same album. Her songs have spanned across genres as diverse as rock,  pop, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock"&gt;alternative&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock"&gt;art rock&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Allmusicbio_0-5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Allmusicbio-0"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Even in her earliest works where the piano was a primary instrument,  she wove together many diverse influences, melding &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_classical_music" title="European classical music"&gt;classical music&lt;/a&gt;,  rock, and a wide range of ethnic and folk sources, and this has  continued throughout her career.&lt;br /&gt;In an interview with &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melody_Maker" title="Melody Maker"&gt;Melody  Maker&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; magazine in 1977, she revealed that male artists had more  influence on her work than females, stating: "Every female you see at a  piano is either &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynsey_De_Paul" title="Lynsey De Paul"&gt;Lynsey De Paul&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King"&gt;Carole  King&lt;/a&gt;. And most male music—not all of it but the good stuff—really  lays it on you. It really puts you against the wall and that's what I  like to do. I'd like my music to intrude. Not many females succeed with  that."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rebel_10-10"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-rebel-10"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;11&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The experimental nature of her music has led it to be described as a  later, more technological, and more accessible manifestation of the  British &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock"&gt;progressive rock&lt;/a&gt; movement.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Englishness_1-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Englishness-1"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;2&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soundscape_12-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Soundscape-12"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;13&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Like artists in the progressive rock genre, Bush rejects the classic  American style of making pop music, which was adopted by most UK pop  artists. Bush's vocals contains elements of British, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Irish" title="Anglo-Irish"&gt;Anglo-Irish&lt;/a&gt;  and most prominently (southern) English accents.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Englishness_1-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Englishness-1"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;2&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Southern England was the home to the most influential and successful  acts of the progressive rock movement.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Englishness_1-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Englishness-1"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;2&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Elements of Bush's lyrics tend to be more unusual and less clichéd than  American-style pop lyrics, often employing historical or literary  references.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Englishness_1-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Englishness-1"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;2&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The musical instruments used in her songs and the way instruments are  played, commonly differs from the American norm.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Englishness_1-5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Englishness-1"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;2&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reviewers have used the term "surreal" to describe her music.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-57"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;58&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Many of her songs have a melodramatic emotional and musical surrealism  that defies easy categorisation.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hifi_58-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-hifi-58"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;59&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  It has been observed that even the more joyous pieces are often tinged  with traces of melancholy, and even the most sorrowful pieces have  elements of vitality struggling against all that would oppress them.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-spin_59-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-spin-59"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;60&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bush is not afraid to tackle sensitive and taboo subjects.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bdreamer_60-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-bdreamer-60"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;61&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  "The Kick Inside" is based on a traditional English folk song (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizie_Wan" title="Lizie Wan"&gt;&lt;i&gt;The  Ballad of Lucy Wan&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) about an incestuous pregnancy and a  resulting suicide;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-61"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-61"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;62&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  "Kashka from Baghdad" is a song about a homosexual male couple;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-62"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;63&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_%28magazine%29" title="Out (magazine)"&gt;Out&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; magazine listed two of her albums in their Top  100 Greatest Gayest albums list.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-63"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;64&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-64"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;65&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  "The Infant Kiss" is a song about a haunted, unstable woman's almost  paedophile infatuation with a young boy in her care (inspired by Jack  Clayton's film &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Innocents_%28film%29" title="The Innocents (film)"&gt;The Innocents&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (1961), which had been based on  Henry James's famous novella &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw" title="The Turn of the Screw"&gt;The Turn of the Screw&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;);&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-65"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-65"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;66&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  and "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breathing_%28song%29" title="Breathing (song)"&gt;Breathing&lt;/a&gt;" explores the results of nuclear  fallout from the perspective of an unborn child in the womb.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-66"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-66"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;67&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Her lyrics have referenced a wide array of subject matter, often  relatively obscure, as in "Cloudbusting", which was inspired by Peter  Reich's autobiography, "Book of Dreams", about his relationship with his  father, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich" title="Wilhelm Reich"&gt;Wilhelm Reich&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._I._Gurdjieff" title="G. I. Gurdjieff"&gt;G. I. Gurdjieff&lt;/a&gt; in "Them Heavy  People", while "Deeper Understanding", from &lt;i&gt;The Sensual World&lt;/i&gt;,  portrays a person who stays indoors, obsessively talking to a computer  and shunning human contact.&lt;br /&gt;Comedy is also a big influence on her and is a significant component  of her work. She has cited &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen"&gt;Woody  Allen&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-realm_67-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-realm-67"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;68&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python" title="Monty Python"&gt;Monty Python&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fawlty_Towers" title="Fawlty Towers"&gt;Fawlty  Towers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Young_Ones_%28TV_series%29" title="The Young Ones (TV series)"&gt;The Young Ones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-littlemiss_26-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-littlemiss-26"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;27&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  as particular favourites. Horror movies are another interest of Bush's  and have influenced the gothic nature of several of her songs, such as  "Get Out of My House", inspired by Stanley Kubrick's &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shining_%28film%29" title="The Shining (film)"&gt;The Shining&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, and "Hounds of Love", inspired by  the 1957 horror movie &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_of_the_Demon" title="Night of the Demon"&gt;Night of the Demon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Qsleeve_68-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Qsleeve-68"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;69&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  Her songs have occasionally combined comedy and horror to form dark  humour, such as murder by poisoning in "Coffee Homeground", an alcoholic  mother in "Ran Tan Waltz" and the upbeat "The Wedding List", a song  inspired by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut"&gt;François Truffaut&lt;/a&gt;'s 1967 film of Cornell  Woolrich's &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bride_Wore_Black" title="The Bride Wore Black"&gt;The Bride Wore Black&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; about the death of a  groom and the bride's subsequent revenge against the killer.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-69"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-69"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;70&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kate_Bush&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Live performances"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Live_performances"&gt;Live performances&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="rellink"&gt;Further information: &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tour_of_Life" title="The Tour of Life"&gt;The Tour of Life&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Bush's only tour took place 2 April – 13 May 1979, after which she  gave only the occasional live performance. Several reasons have been  suggested as to why she abandoned touring, among them her reputed need  to be in total control of the final product, which is incompatible with  live stage performance, a rumour of a crippling fear of flying,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Network_70-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Network-70"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;71&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  and the suggestion that the death of 21-year-old Bill Duffield severely  affected her. Duffield, her lighting director, was killed in an  accident during her 2 April 1979 concert at Poole Arts Centre. Bush held  a benefit concert on 12 May 1979, with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel"&gt;Peter  Gabriel&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Harley" title="Steve Harley"&gt;Steve Harley&lt;/a&gt; at London's &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammersmith_Apollo" title="Hammersmith Apollo"&gt;Hammersmith Odeon&lt;/a&gt; for his family.  Duffield would be honoured in two later songs: "Blow Away" on &lt;i&gt;Never  for Ever&lt;/i&gt; and "Moments of Pleasure" on &lt;i&gt;The Red Shoes&lt;/i&gt;. Bush  explained in a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2"&gt;BBC Radio 2&lt;/a&gt; interview with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Radcliffe" title="Mark Radcliffe"&gt;Mark Radcliffe&lt;/a&gt; that she actually enjoyed the tour but was  consumed with producing her subsequent records.&lt;br /&gt;During the same period as her tour, she made numerous television  appearances around the world, including &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops" title="Top of the Pops"&gt;Top of the Pops&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; in the United Kingdom, &lt;i&gt;Bios Bahnhof&lt;/i&gt;  in Germany, and &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live"&gt;Saturday Night Live&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; in the United States (with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Shaffer" title="Paul Shaffer"&gt;Paul  Shaffer&lt;/a&gt; on piano).&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-smiles_71-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-smiles-71"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;72&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  On 28 December 1979, BBC TV aired the &lt;i&gt;Kate Bush Christmas Special&lt;/i&gt;.  It was recorded in October 1979 at the BBC Studios in Birmingham,  England. As well as playing songs from her first two albums, she played "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_Will_Be_Magic_Again" title="December Will Be Magic Again"&gt;December Will Be Magic Again&lt;/a&gt;",  and "Violin" from her forthcoming album, &lt;i&gt;Never for Ever&lt;/i&gt;. Peter  Gabriel made a guest appearance to play "Here Comes the Flood", and a  duet of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Harper" title="Roy Harper"&gt;Roy Harper&lt;/a&gt;'s "Another Day" with Bush.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC_Christmas_Special_1979_72-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-BBC_Christmas_Special_1979-72"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;73&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1982, Bush participated in the first benefit concert in aid of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prince%27s_Trust" title="The Prince's Trust"&gt;The Prince's Trust&lt;/a&gt; alongside artists such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madness_%28band%29" title="Madness (band)"&gt;Madness&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midge_Ure" title="Midge Ure"&gt;Midge Ure&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins"&gt;Phil  Collins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mick_Karn" title="Mick Karn"&gt;Mick Karn&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Townshend" title="Pete Townshend"&gt;Pete Townshend&lt;/a&gt;. On 25 April 1986 Bush performed live for  British charity event &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_Relief" title="Comic Relief"&gt;Comic  Relief&lt;/a&gt;, singing "Do Bears...&amp;nbsp;?", a humorous duet with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowan_Atkinson" title="Rowan Atkinson"&gt;Rowan Atkinson&lt;/a&gt;, and a rendition of "Breathing". Later in  the year on 28 June 1986, she made a guest appearance to duet with Peter  Gabriel on "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Give_Up_%28Peter_Gabriel_and_Kate_Bush_song%29" title="Don't Give Up (Peter Gabriel and Kate Bush song)"&gt;Don't Give Up&lt;/a&gt;"  at Earl's Court, London as part of his "So" tour. In March 1987, Bush  sang "Running Up That Hill" at &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Secret_Policeman%27s_Balls" title="The Secret Policeman's Balls"&gt;The Secret Policeman's Third Ball&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;On 17 January 2002, Bush appeared with her long-time champion, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gilmour" title="David Gilmour"&gt;David  Gilmour&lt;/a&gt;, singing the part of the doctor in "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comfortably_Numb" title="Comfortably Numb"&gt;Comfortably Numb&lt;/a&gt;" at the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Festival_Hall" title="Royal Festival Hall"&gt;Royal Festival Hall&lt;/a&gt; in London.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kate_Bush&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Video projects"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Video_projects"&gt;Video projects&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Bush has appeared in many innovative music videos designed to  accompany her singles releases. Among the best known are those for  "Running Up That Hill", "Babooshka", "Breathing", "Wuthering Heights",  and "The Man with the Child in His Eyes", and "Cloudbusting", featuring  actor &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Sutherland" title="Donald Sutherland"&gt;Donald Sutherland&lt;/a&gt;, who made time during  the filming of another project to take part in the video.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CBAK_73-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-CBAK-73"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;74&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  EMI has released a few collections of her videos, including &lt;i&gt;The  Single File&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Hair of the Hound&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;The Whole Story&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;The  Sensual World&lt;/i&gt;, as well as an abridged concert video of her 1979  tour &lt;i&gt;Live at Hammersmith Odeon&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;In 1993, she directed and starred in the short film, &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Line,_the_Cross_%26_the_Curve" title="The Line, the Cross &amp;amp; the Curve"&gt;The Line, the Cross &amp;amp;  the Curve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, a musical co-starring Miranda Richardson featuring  music from Bush's album &lt;i&gt;The Red Shoes&lt;/i&gt;, which was inspired by the  classic movie &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Red_Shoes_%281948_film%29" title="The Red Shoes (1948 film)"&gt;of the same name&lt;/a&gt;. It was released  on VHS in the UK in 1994 and also received a small number of cinema  screenings around the world. Overall it was a critical failure. In  recent interviews, Bush has said that she considers it a failure, and  stated in 2001: "I'm very pleased with four minutes of it, but I'm very  disappointed with the rest."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-74"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;75&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  In a 2005 interview, she described the film as "A load of bollocks."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-75"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-75"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;76&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1994, Bush provided the music used in a series of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic" title="Psychedelic"&gt;psychedelic&lt;/a&gt;-themed  television commercials for the soft drink &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruitopia" title="Fruitopia"&gt;Fruitopia&lt;/a&gt;  that appeared in the United States. The same company aired the ads in  the United Kingdom, but the British version featured &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Fraser" title="Elizabeth Fraser"&gt;Elizabeth Fraser&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocteau_Twins" title="Cocteau Twins"&gt;Cocteau  Twins&lt;/a&gt; instead of Bush.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cocteau_76-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-Cocteau-76"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;77&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Several collections of Bush's music videos have been released on VHS,  most notably &lt;i&gt;The Single File&lt;/i&gt;, which contained videos predating  the &lt;i&gt;Hounds of Love&lt;/i&gt; album; &lt;i&gt;Hair of the Hound&lt;/i&gt;, containing  videos concerning that album; and &lt;i&gt;The Whole Story&lt;/i&gt;, a career video  overview released in conjunction with the 1986 compilation album of the  same title. In late 2006, a DVD documentary titled &lt;i&gt;Kate Bush Under  Review&lt;/i&gt; was released by Sexy Intellectual, which included archival  interviews with Bush, along with interviews with a selection of music  historians and journalists (including Phil Sutcliffe, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Williamson" title="Nigel Williamson"&gt;Nigel Williamson&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris_Pert" title="Morris Pert"&gt;Morris  Pert&lt;/a&gt;). The DVD also includes clips from several of Bush's music  videos.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-underreview_77-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-underreview-77"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;78&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 2 December 2008, the DVD collection of the fourth season of &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live"&gt;Saturday Night Live&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; including her performances was  released.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-78"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-78"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;79&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  A three DVD set of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Secret_Policeman%27s_Balls" title="The Secret Policeman's Balls"&gt;The Secret Policeman's Balls&lt;/a&gt;  benefit concerts that includes Bush's performance was released on 27  January 2009.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-79"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;80&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kate_Bush&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Movie projects"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Movie_projects"&gt;Movie projects&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;In 1990, Bush starred in the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy"&gt;black  comedy&lt;/a&gt; film &lt;i&gt;Les Dogs&lt;/i&gt;, produced by &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comic_Strip" title="The Comic Strip"&gt;The Comic Strip&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; for &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_television" title="BBC television"&gt;BBC television&lt;/a&gt;. Aired on 8 March  1990, Bush plays the bride Angela at a wedding set in a post-apocalyptic  version of Britain. While Bush's is a silent presence in a wedding  dress throughout most of the film, she does have several lines of  dialogue with Peter Richardson in two dream sequences. In another &lt;i&gt;Comic  Strip Presents&lt;/i&gt; film, &lt;i&gt;GLC&lt;/i&gt;, she produced the theme song "Ken",  which includes a vocal performance by Bush. The song was written about &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" title="Ken Livingstone"&gt;Ken Livingstone&lt;/a&gt;, the leader of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council"&gt;Greater London Council&lt;/a&gt;, who would  later be elected as mayor of London and at the time was working with  musicians to help the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_%28UK%29" title="Labour Party (UK)"&gt;Labour Party&lt;/a&gt; garner the youth vote.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-80"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-80"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;81&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She also produced all the incidental music, which is synthesiser  based. Bush wrote and performed the song "The Magician", in a  fairground-like arrangement, for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menahem_Golan" title="Menahem Golan"&gt;Menahem  Golan&lt;/a&gt;'s 1979 film &lt;i&gt;The Magician of Lublin&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-81"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-81"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;82&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  In 1985, Bush contributed a darkly melancholic version of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ary_Barroso" title="Ary Barroso"&gt;Ary  Barroso&lt;/a&gt; song "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarela_do_Brasil" title="Aquarela do Brasil"&gt;Brazil&lt;/a&gt;" to the soundtrack of the Terry Gilliam film &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_%28film%29" title="Brazil (film)"&gt;Brazil&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. The track was scored and arranged by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kamen" title="Michael Kamen"&gt;Michael  Kamen&lt;/a&gt;. In 1986, she wrote and recorded "Be Kind To My Mistakes" for  the Nicolas Roeg film &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castaway_%28film%29" title="Castaway (film)"&gt;Castaway&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. An edited version of this track was used as  the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_side" title="B side"&gt;B side&lt;/a&gt; to her 1989 single "&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Woman%27s_Work_%28song%29" title="This Woman's Work (song)"&gt;This Woman's Work&lt;/a&gt;".  In 1988, the song "This Woman's Work" was featured in the John Hughes  film &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She%27s_Having_a_Baby" title="She's Having a Baby"&gt;She's Having a Baby&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, and a slightly  remixed version appeared on Bush's album &lt;i&gt;The Sensual World&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-82"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-82"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;83&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  The song has since appeared on numerous television shows, and in 2005  reached number eight on the UK download chart after featuring in a  British television advertisement for the charity &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSPCC" title="NSPCC"&gt;NSPCC&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-83"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-83"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;84&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1999, Bush wrote and recorded a song for the Disney film &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur_%28film%29" title="Dinosaur (film)"&gt;Dinosaur&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, but the track was ultimately not included on  the soundtrack. According to the winter 1999 issue of &lt;i&gt;HomeGround&lt;/i&gt;,  a Bush &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanzine" title="Fanzine"&gt;fanzine&lt;/a&gt;,  it was scrapped when Disney asked her to rewrite the song and she  refused. Also in 1999, Bush's song "The Sensual World" was featured  prominently in Canadian filmmaker &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_Egoyan" title="Atom Egoyan"&gt;Atom  Egoyan&lt;/a&gt;'s film "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felicia%27s_Journey" title="Felicia's Journey"&gt;Felicia's Journey&lt;/a&gt;".&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-84"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-84"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;85&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  "The Man with the Child in His Eyes" is on the soundtrack for the 2007  British &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy"&gt;romantic comedy&lt;/a&gt; film &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_for_10_%28film%29" title="Starter for 10 (film)"&gt;Starter for 10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-85"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Bush#cite_note-85"&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;86&lt;span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kate_Bush&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Collaborations"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Collaborations"&gt;Collaborations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;Bush provided vocals on two of Peter Gabriel's albums, including the  hits "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Games_Without_Frontiers_%28song%29" title="Games Without Frontiers (song)"&gt;Games Without Frontiers&lt;/a&gt;" and  "Don't Give Up", as well as "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Self_Control_%28Peter_Gabriel_song%29" title="No Self Control (Peter Gabriel song)"&gt;No Self-Control&lt;/a&gt;".  Gabriel appeared on Bush's 1979 television special, where they sang a  duet of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Harper" title="Roy Harper"&gt;Roy Harper&lt;/a&gt;'s "Another Day". She has sung on two Roy Harper  tracks, "You", on his 1979 album, "The Unknown Soldier", and "Once", the  title track of his 1990 album. She has also sung on the title song of  the 1986 &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Country" title="Big Country"&gt;Big Country&lt;/a&gt; album &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seer_%28album%29" title="The Seer (album)"&gt;The Seer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midge_Ure" title="Midge Ure"&gt;Midge  Ure&lt;/a&gt; song "Sister and Brother" from his 1988 album &lt;i&gt;Answers to  Nothing&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_West_%28band%29" title="Go West (band)"&gt;Go West&lt;/a&gt;'s 1987 single "The King Is Dead" and  two songs with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_%28musician%29" title="Prince (musician)"&gt;Prince&lt;/a&gt; – "Why Should I Love You?", from her 1993 album &lt;i&gt;The  Red Shoes&lt;/i&gt;, and in 1996, the song "My Computer" from Prince's album &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_%28album%29" title="Emancipatio
